50 COMPOSITE. 



Anthers not caudate : receptacle naked or sometimes paleaceous : involucre of dry 

 and scarious bracts : style-branches mostly truncate : pappus coronifonn, or of short 

 palese or squamellae, or none VII. ANTHEMIDE^. 



Anthers not caudate : receptacle naked : involucre little or not at all imbricated, not 

 scarious. Pappus of numerous soft-capillary bristles. VIII. SENECIONIDE^. 



Anthers conspicuously caudate, and with elongated mostly connate cartilaginous ap- 

 pendages at tip : style-branches short or united, destitute of appendage, stigmatic 

 quite to the obtuse summit, smooth and naked, but sometimes a pubescent or his- 

 pidulous ring or node below : involucre much imbricated -. receptacle densely setose 

 or fimbrillate, or favose : akenes thick and hard : pappus usually plurisetose. Heads 



never truly radiate IX. CVXAROIDEiE. 



Also GocHNATiE^ of X. MUTISIACE^. 



Ser. 11. Labiatiflor^. Corollas of all or only of the hermaphrodite flowers 

 bilabiate. 



Receptacle naked : anthers conspicuously caudate : style-branches short, smooth, not 

 appendaged X. MUTISIACE.E. 



Ser. III. LiGULiFLOR.^. Corollas all ligulate and flowers hermaphrodite. 



Receptacle naked or jialeacenus : anthers not caudate : style-branches filiform, naked, 

 stigmatic only toward the base. Herbage with milky juice. XL CICHORIACEiE. 



Tribe I. VERNONIACE^. Heads homogamons, discoid, with flowers all hermaphro- 

 dite and corollas tubular, regular or nearly so, except Stokesia. Involucre imbricated. 

 ■Anthers without tails at base. Style-branches slender, filiform or attenuate-subulate, 

 acute, hispidulous or hispid ; stigmatic lines only near the base. Leaves usually 

 alternate. Flowers never yellow. , 



* ADomalous genus, with enlarged and palmately quasi-ligulate outer coroUas. 



1. STOKESIA. Heads many-flowered. Involucre broad ; its bracts in several series ; outer- 

 most wholly foliaceous and spreading ; inner with foliaceous pectinately spinulose-ciliate 

 spreading appendage to an appressed coriaceous base. Receptacle fleshy, flat, naked. Cen- 

 tral corollas tubular and deeply 5-lobed, slightly more cleft posteriori}", otherwise regular ; 

 outer successively more and more palmately ligulate and radiant, the marginal ones larger 

 and wholly so, the narrowly cuneate-ohlong ligule longer than the tube and (regularly or 

 irregularly) 5-cleft. Akenes short, thick, 3-4-angled, slightly contracted at the callous base 

 and apex. Pappus of 4 or 5 aristiform smooth and white palere, caducous. Flowers blue. 



* * Normal genera, with tubular Sdobed corollas. 



2. ELEPHANTOPUS. Heads 2-5-flowered, condensed into glomerules. Involucre nar- 

 row, compressed ; the imbricated bracts dry and somewhat chaffy, alternately plane and 

 conduplicate ; the four outermost shorter. Receptacle small, naked. Corolla commoidy a 

 little irregular, being slightly deeper cleft on the inner side ; the deeply S-lobed limb there- 

 fore somewhat palmate. Akenes 10-striate, the apex truncate. Pappus of rigid bristles or 

 awns, mostly with paleaceous base, persistent. 



3. VERNONIA. Heads not glomerate, several-many-flowered, rarely one-flowered. In- 

 volucre of dry or partly herbaceous much imbricated bracts. Receptacle plane, naked. 

 Corolla regularly 5-cleft into narrow lobes. Akenes mostly lOcostate, with truncate apex 

 and a cartilaginous callous base. Pappus double, at least in all our species ; the inner of 

 rigid capillary hirtello-scabrous bristles, outer a series of small squamellte or short and stout 

 bristles, both more or less persistent. 



Tribe II. EUPATORIACEiE. Heads homogamons, discoid, with flowers hermaphro- 

 dite and corolla tubular and regular. Receptacle in a few genera paleaceous, in most 

 naked. Anthers without tails at base. Style-branches elongated, more or less clavate 



