COMPOSITE. 57 



than one series, very short and roundish or obtuse style-appendages, small akenes for the 

 greater part 2-nerved, and more scanty or fragile pappus, in many witli a conspicuous short 

 outer series. 



Subtribe III. Conyze^. Characters of the preceding subtribe ; but corolla of the 

 numerous female flowers reduced to a filiform or short and narrow tube, wholly des- 

 titute of ligule. 



50. CONYZA. Heads small, many-flowered. Bracts of the campanulate involucre narrow, 

 inappendiculate, in 1 to 3 series. Fenaale flowers much more numerous than the hermaphro- 

 dite ; their tiliform or slender tubular corolla shorter than tiie disk and style, truncate or 

 2-4-tootlied at the apex. Akenes small, compressed. Pappus a single series of soft capillary 

 bristles, sometimes an added outer series of short bristles or squamellai. 



Subtribe IV. Baccharide^. Heads discoid and unisexual. Corolla of the fertile flow- 

 ers filiform. Pappus of capillary bristles. 



51. BACCHARIS. Heads completely dioecious, many-flowered. Involucre regularly im- 

 bricated, of squamaceous bracts. Eeceptacle mostly flat and naked, rarely chaffy. Flowers 

 of the male heads with tubular-funnelform 5-cleft corolla, and style-l)rauches as of Aster or 

 Sol t dago, but the stigmatic portion obsolete and ovary abortive ; the female with corolla 

 reduced to a .slender truncate or minutely toothed tube, shorter than the filiform style. 

 Akenes 5-10-costate. Pappus of the male flowers of a series of scabrous and often tortuous 

 and more or less clavellate bristles ; of the fertile flowers of usually more numerous and fine 

 bristles, and often elongated in fruit. Shrubby or some herliaceous. 



Tribe IV. Inuloide^. Heads heterogamous and either radiate or discoid ; the 

 female flowers being either ligulate or filiform (rarely open-tubular), or sometimes 

 homogamous and tubuliflorous. Anthers sagittate, and the base of the lobes produced 

 into more or less of a tail (caudate) or other appendage. Style-branches of the her- 

 maphrodite flowe^^s filiform or flattish, not appendaged ; the stigmatic lines running to 

 or vanishing near the roundish or truncate tip, which is at most papillose or somewhat 

 penicillate: style of staminate-sterile flowers commonly entire. Pappus usually capil- 

 lary or none. Leaves mostly alternate and heads homochronious ; the involucre com- 

 monly dry or scarious, rarely foliaceous. See also Senecionidece, stibtribe Tussilaginece. 

 (No North American species has conspicuous rays, except a naturalized Inula) 



Subtribe I. Plucheine^. Heads discoid, heterogamous and mostly androgynous. In- 

 volucre more or less dry, but hardly scarious. Receptacle not paleaceous. Female 

 flowers with filiform corolla. Adjacent anther-tails or acuminate bases connate, at 

 least in our genera. 



52. PLUCHEA. Heads many-flowered, largely of female flowers, a few hermaphrodite but 

 usually sterile ones in the centre. Involucre imbriciited, of coriaceous to submembranaceous 

 bracts ; the outer broad, all but the innermost persistent. Receptacle flat, naked and glabrous. 

 Corolla of the female flowers reduced to a slender truncate or 2-3-tootlied tube, shorter than 

 the style ; of the hermaplirodite-sterile ones regularly 5-cleft, the style either entire or 2-cleft 

 at apex. Akenes small, 4-5-angled or sulcate. Pappus a series of capillary and soft or 

 rigid bristles. Heads cymosely clustered or scattered. 



53. PTEROCAULON. Heads and flowers as in Pluchea, but involucre of fewer and 

 linear or su1)ulate bracts: these deciduous with the matured flowers, leaving a few short 

 basal ones wliich are more persistent, mainly by their implexed wool. Receptacle small, 

 naked, sometimes pilose. Heads glomerate and the glomerules spicate. Perennial herbs. 



Subtribe II. FiLAGiNEiE. Heads heterogamous, mostly androgynous, discoid. In- 

 volucre of few scarious or firmer bracts. Receptacle chafty ; a chaff' (palea) or 

 involucral bract enclosing or subtending each female flower or akene. Corolla of the 

 female flowers a filiform tube, shorter than the style ; of the few hermaphrodite com- 

 monly sterile flowers regularly 4-.5-toothed ; their anthers sometimes only acutely 

 sagittate or auriculate at base, and the short style-branches or undivided style not 



