COMPOSITE. 67 



ceous or foliaceous. Eeceptacle flat; its chaffy bracts scarious-membranaceous, coiuliTplicate 

 around the akeues and tardily deciduous with them. Proper tube of tlie corolla fully half 

 the leugth of the oblong-campanulate throat. Appendages of the style- branches from ob- 

 long to dilated-spatulate, obtuse. Akenes compressed, narrowly oblong-cuneate, callous- 

 margined, very villous, bearing a nearly persistent jjappus of a subulate somewhat chaffy 

 awn from each angle of the truncate summit, and commonly some intermediate smaller 

 ones or squamellai. 



b. Herbaceous, or sometimes shrubl)y : leaves never decurreut on the stem : rays neutral, 

 rarely wanting : mature akenes all wingless or uearl}- so, emarginate or truncate at sum- 

 mit, the margins either villous-ciliate or naked. 



106. ENCEHA. r.appus none, or an awn or its rudiment answering to each margin of the 

 wingless akene : no intermediate squamelhc. 



107. HELIANTHELLA. Pappus of delicate squamelhc between the two chaffy teeth or 

 awns which surmount the two acute margins of the akene (and sometimes the lateral 

 angles when there are an}'), or these obsolete in age, but not caducous. Ovary often wing- 

 margined, but mature akene not so. 



c. Herbaceous, or rarely suffruticose : rays fertile or sometimes neutral in Verhesina, or 

 occasionally wanting : akenes or some of them developing winged margins, or sometimes 

 all wingless, none villous-ciliate : style-appendages acute. 



108. ZEXMENIA. Involucre campanulate or hemispherical, imbricated ; the bracts com- 

 monly broad, erect, and dry, or the outermost sometimes loose and foliaceous or with 

 spreading herbaceous tips. Rays fertile. Receptacle flat or convex. Akenes of the ray or 

 outermost of the disk tri(|uetroiis ; of the disk more or less compressed, sometimes flat, 

 truncate at summit, varialdy and narrowly winged or acutely margined, awned from one or 

 more of the margins or angles, the awns either connected by dilated bases or with inter- 

 mediate and separate or confluent persistent stiuamellaj. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate. 



109. VERBESINA. Involucre campauulate or hemispherical and more or less imbricated, 

 rarely more spreading, from somewhat herbaceous to foliaceous. Rays fertile, or styliferous 

 but infertile, or sometimes neutral, sometimes none. Receptacle from convex to conical : 

 disk from convex to ovoid, not squarrose in fruit. Akenes usually winged and flat or much 

 compressed, 2-awned, or in the ray tri(iuetrous and 1-3-awned, with no intermediate squa- 

 melliB, and even the awns sometimes obsolete or wanting. Leaves opposite or alternate, apt 

 to be decurreut as wings on the stem. 



110. ACTINOMERIS. Involucre simple, of few and small herbaceous and loose bracts, 

 deflexed under the globular fruiting disk, which is globose even in anthesis, and echinate- 

 squarrose in fruit by the spreading of the akenes in all directions on the small and soon 

 globular receptacle. Rays neutral, few and irregular or none. Akenes flat, obovate, 

 winged or wingless in the same head. Pappus of 2 slender-sulnilate naked awns, at length 

 divergent, sometimes with 2 or 3 intermediate awns or awn-like squamellae. 



Subtribfe VI. CoREOPSiDEiE. Akenes obcompressecl or sometimes terete, and the sub- 

 tending chafty bracts flat or hardly concave : otherwise as in Verbesinece. Heads 

 many-flowered. Leaves iriostly opposite. Style-tips of the disk-flowers j^roduced into 

 a cusp or cone, or sometimes capitellate-truncate. 



* Involucre single : habit of the preceding group. 



111. SYNEDRELLA. Heads with few or several fertile ray -flowers and more numerous 

 disk-flowers ; the latter with slender tube to the corolla. Involucre ovoid or oblong, of rather 

 few bracts ; the outer larger than the inner, erect, mostly foliaceous. Bracts of the recep- 

 tacle scarious-membranaceous. Style-appendages of the disk-flowers slender. Akenes or 

 some of them wing-margined, and the wings commonly lacerate or undulate, in the ray 

 often triquetrous, the angles or wings surmounted each by a rigid naked awn. Annuals. 



* * Involucre double, rarely indistinctly so: receptacle flat or merely convex; the thin 

 chaffy bracts of the receptacle mostly deciduous with the akenes. Base of style not 

 rarely bulbous-dilated. 



•1— Rays always neutral (rarely wanting) : akenes never rostrate-attenuate nor with re- 

 trorsely barbed awns : no ring at the junction of tube and throat of disk-corolla. 



