COMPOSITiE. 69 



* * * Bracts of the receptacle distinct, chaffy-membranaceons or scarious, mostly decidu- 

 ous witli the fruit : rays fertile, 2-3-lobed : pale* of the pappus firmer, with a thickish 

 axis and fimbriate or barbellate mai'gius, or sometimes wanting. 



120. GALINSOGA. Heads small, with 4 or 5 short rays and rather numerous disk- 

 flowers. Involucy-e broadly campanulate or hemispherical, of ovate and thin nearly ecpial 

 bracts in two series. Receptacle conical. Disk-corollas short, 5-toothed : style-tips acute. 

 Akenes turbinate, 4-5-angled. Pappus of several thickish oblong or obovate palea;, with 

 fimbriate-barbellate or almost plumo.se margins or summit, or wanting. Leaves opposite, 

 serrate. 



121. BLEPHARIPAPPUS. Heads with 3 to 6 exserted fertile ray .s, and 7 to 12 disk- 

 flowers ; the central of these commonly infertile. Bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, 

 erect, nearly ecpial, in one or two series. Receptacle convex ; the chaff thin or scarious and 

 narrow. Rays 3-cleft : disk-corollas 5-cleft. Style of fertile disk-flowers filiform, 2-cleft at 

 apex only, and the short branches merely truncate ; of the central and infertile ones entire. 

 Akenes turbinate, silky-villous. Pappus of rather numerous narrow linear or aristiform 

 paleie, with thickish axis, and hyaline margins which are mostly lacerate-fimbriate so as to 

 appear pectinate-plumose, sometimes abortive or wanting. 



Subtribe VIII. Madie^. Ra3'-flowers ligiilate and fertile (rarely wanting), each sub- 

 tended by a bract of the mostly uniserial involucre which partly or completely 

 encloses its akene : disk-flowers hermaphrodite, but some or all of them sterile (some- 

 times all fertile) ; their style-branches subulate and hispid. Bracts of the leceptacle 

 always present between ray- and disk-flowers, generally none to the central ones. 

 Pappus none (or a mere rudiment or crown) to the ray-akenes, paleaceous or aristi- 

 form or else none to the disk-flowers. Pacific-American herbs, commonly glandular- 

 viscid and heavy-scented : such in California called Tarweeds. 



* Akenes laterally compressed, those of the ray particularly so, and enclosed in coudupli- 

 cate-infolded laterally -compressed involucral bracts. 



1 22. MADIA. Heads many-several-flowered. Involucre ovoid or oblong, few-many-angled 

 by the salient narrow or carinate backs of the involucral bracts. Receptacle flat or convex, 

 bearing a single series of bracts enclosing the disk-flowers as a kind of inner involucre, 

 either separate or connate into a cup. Ray-flowers 1 to 20, with cuueate or oblong 3-lobed 

 ligules ; their akenes more or less oblique and with flat sides : disk-flowers with or without a 

 pappus, either sterile or fertile. 



* * Akenes of the ray from obovate or triangular with broad rounded back to clavate- 

 oblong, more commonly obcompressed, never laterally compressed with narrow back, 



-1— Arcuate-incurved and obcompressed, completely invested by the whole of the conformed 

 at length coriaceous involucral bracts. 



123. HEMIZONELLA. Heads few-flowered; the ray-flowers only 4 or 5; disk-flowers 

 solitary or rarely 2 to 4 ; both fertile and destitute of pappus. Involucre as in Madia § Har- 

 pwcarpus, but tlie 4 or 5 arcuate infolded bracts broad on the back and rather obcom- 

 pressed; those of the receptacle 3 to 5 and connate into a cup. Ligules minute. Akenes 

 glabrous or sparsely pilose, obovate or somewhat fusiform ; of the disk straight but oblique. 

 Leaves mostly opposite. 



+- -)— Ray akenes thick and short, turgid, partly enclosed by the lower part of the involu- 

 cral bract. 



1 24. HEMIZONIA. Heads many- or sometimes few-flowered : bracts of the involucre 

 rounded on the back. Ray-akenes more or less oblique ; those of the disk abortive or in- 

 fertile, or in the later sections some or even most of them fertile, with or without pappus. 

 Leaves mainly alternate. 



-I— H— -f— Ray akenes mostly obcompressed, never laterally compressed, Avholly enclosed in 

 an obcompressed basal portion of the subtending involucral bracts, the dilated margins of 

 which are abruptly infolded. 



125. ACHYRACH^NA. Heads many-flowered : ray-flowers C to 10, with 3-cleft ligiile 

 much shorter than its filiform tube, little surpassing the disk: disk-corollas slender, 5- 



