126 COMPOSITiE'. Aplopappus. 



heads few terminating the hranches, one-third inch high : involucre hemispherical ; the 

 bracts fewer-ranked and with slightly spreading greenish tips : akenes short, sericeous- 

 canescent. — Erioairpum (jrinde/ioicles, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. 321. — Rocky Moun- 

 tains and adjacent plains, north to Idaho and Saskatchewan, south to New Mexico and 

 Arizona ; first coll. by Nutta/I. 



* * Heads radiate, with rays not rarely neutral or sterile, or in one species comnidnly discoidal 

 by tlie diminution of theligules: involucre well imbricated, of firm texture, tlie bracts either 

 coriaceous witli herbaceous tips or coriaceo-fobaceous : akenes (with two exceptions) glabrous 

 and narrow: pappus capillary but rigid: style-appendages long and slender, acute or acutish: 

 perennials, rigid-leaved. — § Pyrrucoma. Gray, PI. Wright, i. 08. Pi/rrocoma & Homo2)appus, 

 in part, Nutt." Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 330, 333. 



-1^ Shrubby: rays conspicuous but sterile: appendage of the slender style-branches of the length 

 and breadth of the stigmatic portion: akenes ver^^ glabrous, narrow, compressed, 4-nerved. 



A.. Berberidis. Suffmticose, a foot or two high : flowering branches somewhat virgate, 

 wlien young tomentose-pubescent, equabl}' leafy, bearing numerous and racemose or some- 

 times solitary heads : leaves oval, very obtuse, spinulosely and evenly mnltidentate, half- 

 clasping by an abrupt somewhat adnate l)a.se (lialf to full incli long), coriaceous, with 

 conspicuous midrib l)Ut obscure veins : involucre broadly turbinate ; its bracts numerous, in 

 successively shorter ranks, broadly linear or outermost oblong, smootli, all witli very obtuse 

 and sliort rather appressed green tips : rays numerous, a quarter to nearly lialf an incli long, 

 seldom styliferous : pappus merely sordid. — All Saints Bay, Lower California, so near that 

 it may be expected witliiu tlie U. S. border, Parri/, Miss Fish. 



•t— -i— Herbaceous: style-appendages from subulate-filiform to narrowly subulate, much longer 

 than the stigmatic portion. 



++ Heads large and discoid, the sterile rav'S being hardlj' apparent or very small for the size of 

 the head (when styliferous the stjde-branclies sometimes tipped with a liispid appendage!): 

 akenes completely glabrous and smooth, slender but fiattish, 4-costate or nerved, often finely 

 striate: rigid leaves commonly spatulate or lanceolate, on the same plant either entire or sparsely 

 spinulose-toothed. — Pijrrocoma, Hook. 



A. carthamoides, Gray. Commonly a foot liigh, rather stout and leafy, .scabro-pnberu- 

 len.t wlien young, liecoming smooth, bearing a solitary terminal large bead and sometimes 

 one or two in axils : leaves from spatulate to oblong or lanceolate : involucre hemis])iierical, 

 half to three-fourths incli liigli, often leafy-subtended at base ; its proper bracts coriaceous- 

 rigid, from oblong to broadly lanceolate or innermost linear, more or less scariou.s-margined, 

 most of them tipped with an abrupt mucro or cusp, the outer commonly loose and becoming 

 leaf-like, either entire or spinulose-denticulate : rays almost always present and rather 

 numerous ; but their ligules inconspicuous, Ijeing short, involute, and concealed in tlie at 

 length rufous or fulvous pappus. — Proc. Acad. Pliilad. 1863, 65. Pi/rroroma airthainoides, 

 Hook. Fl. i. 306, t. 107; Torr. & Gray, PL ii. 243. — Dry plains and hills, Oregon, Wash- 

 ington Terr., and Idaho; first coll. by Dour/Ins. Polymorphous species: the extremes are 



Var. maximus. Robust, leafy, sometimes 2 feet high : radical leaves obovate or 

 oval, 3 to 7 inches long ; cauline oblong, with partly clasping base : lieads ample, in fruit an 

 inch high and broad : involucre of very numerous and broad or broadish bracts : rays some- 

 times more evolute, but small. — Pi/rrocoma ?•«(//«/«, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 333; 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Of the same district, first coll. by Nidtall. 



Var. Cusickii. Smaller : stems only a span or two high, ascending, few-leaved : 

 leaves mostly spatulate-lanceolate : head tliree-fourths to nearly inch high in fruit, but nar- 

 row and much fewer-flowered : bracts of the involucre correspondingly fewer, lanceolate, 

 mostly acute or acuminate. — Union Co., Oregon, flowering earlier (in June), Cusick. Per- 

 haps a distinct species, but appears to pass into the smaller forms of the type. 

 ++ ++ Heads middle-sized to small, evidently radiate; the cxserted rays often infertile but 



styliferous: plants comparatively slender and more capituliferous. 

 = Pubescence eitiier cottony-tomentose and deciduous or none: leaves firm-coriaceous or rigid; 



cauline and mostly the radical lanceoLite, the former disposed to be sparse or small at tiie 



upper part of stem: akenes or ovaries not rarely with some villous pubescence. — Ilumopappus, 



Nutt., excl. //. unijlorus, 



A . racemosus, Torr. Stems usually virgate and simple, rigid, a foot or two liigh, leafy: 

 leaves lanceolate or radical, sometimes oblong-spatulate (4 to 6 inches long, taperiug into a 



