Solidago. COMPOSITE. 155 



who followed a wrong determination. S. verrucosa, Schrad. Hort. Gojtt. 12, t. 6 1 S. Mnhlen- 

 hertjii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 214. — Moist woodlands. New England and Canada to Ohio, 

 thron^li Pennsylvania to the mountains of Virginia. 



Var. Caroliniana. Leaves of firmer texture, simply serrate as in S. Booitii, but 

 larger: heads thicker, with 4 or .5 short rays and 10 to 14 disk-flowers; involucral bracts 

 firmer, oblong : akenes pubescent. — Mountains of N. Carolina and of adjacent S. Carolina 

 and Georgia, G. R. Vasci/, J. DonnelL Smith. Perhaps distinct both from this and the pre- 

 ceding species. 



d. Stems not .strict, simple or corymbosely branched at sunnnit : inflorescence an open spreading 

 panicle, usually as broad as Iiigh, composed of recurving naked and minutely subulate-bracteate 

 secund-raccmiform clusters of crowded small heads, the rhachis and pedicels slender: ra3'S 

 numerous and smaU. 

 S. juncea, Ait. Mostly smooth and nearly glabrous : stem 1 to 3 feet high, rigid, com- 

 nu)nlv simple up to the mostly crowded branches of the wide panicle : leaves of rather firm 

 texture ; radical oval to oblong-spatulate, tapering into a winged petiole, usually large and 

 sharply serrate ; cauliue from narrowly oblong to lanceolate (larger 3 or 4 inches long), not 

 rarely almost entire or sparsely serrulate, the small upper not much narrowed at base : panic- 

 ulate racemes slender : heads seldom over 2 lines long : bracts of the involucre small and 

 pale: rays 7 to 12, hardly surpassing and little fewer than the disk-flowers: akeaes gla- 

 brous or slightly pubescent. — Kew. iii. 213 ; Pursh, 1. c. ; Hook. Fl. ii. 3 ; Gray, Proc. 1. c. 

 S. ciUaris, Muhl. in Willd. Spec. iii. 2056 ; Darlingt. 1. c. ; DC. 1. c. 331 (excl. syn. S. glahra). 

 S. imjuta, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 214, not Ait., &c., as was wrongly supposed. — Common in 

 drv or rocky ground, Hudson's Bay and Saskatchewan to Wisconsin, and through the 

 Northern States to the upptr country of Carolina and Tennessee. — The original type by 

 Solander is a small form from Hudson's Bay. The specific name alludes to the inflorescence, 

 remotely resembling that of some species of Juncus. S. ciliuris is a common broad leaved 

 form, the larger leaves a little ciliate. — Var. scabrell.\ [S. aroiila, xar. scahrella, Torr. 

 & (iray, 1. c.) is a form with rigid and roughish leaves, growing in arid soil. Wisconsin 

 and Illinois to Kentucky ; in which district the leaves become more or less triple-ribbed 

 and rigid, and seemingly pass into S. Missouriensis. 



H^ -1^ -f— Not maritime: leaves more or less triple-ribbed, or with a pair of lateral veins con- 

 tinued by inosculation parallel to the midrib, } et these sometimes obscure or evanescent. — 

 TriplinerriicB. 

 ++ Smooth and glabrous, at least as to the stem and bright green leaves (the latter sometimes a 

 little pilose-pubescent in S. serotina), not cinereous or canescent: inflorescence when well de- 

 veloped of naked and seciind commonly recurving racemiform clusters, collected in a terminal 

 compound panicle: akenes more or less pubescent. 

 . = Leaves of firm texture, rather rigid, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the slender lateral ribs not 

 rarely evanescent in the upper leaves : bracts of the involucre rather firm ; the short outermost 

 ovate or oval and the iinier oblong-linear, all obtuse. A form of the first species connects with 

 the last preceding. 

 «. Rays rather small: stems leafy to the summit: leaves commonly with scabrous margins, the 

 larger mostly with some scattered teeth or denticulatious. 

 S. Missouriensis, Nutt. Low or middle-sized, smooth : leaves thickish, mostly tapering 

 to lioth ends, and tlie serratures when present sharp and rigid, somewhat nervose ; lower 

 s]tatulate-lanceolate (larger 4 to 6 inches long) ; upper mostly linear and entire, acute; some- 

 times all entire: racemiform clusters approximated in a short and broad jjanicle (like those 

 of S. juncea, but usually shorter), recurving in age: rays 6 to 13, small. — Jour. Acad. 

 Philail. vii. 32, & Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 327 (excl. hab. N. Carol.) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 

 ii. 322. S. serotinn. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 97, not Ait. 6\ (/luberrima, Martens in Bull. 

 Acad. Brux. viii. (1841), 68. — Dry prairies, Indiana and Tennessee to Texas, and we.stward 

 to the Kocky Mountains ; in the more eastward stations passing into or else hybridizing 

 with k5. juncea. 



Var. montana, Gr.vy. Dwarf, 6 to 1.5 inches high: leaves entire or with few small 

 serratures; cauliue ol)scurely triplincrvcd, an inch or two long : panicle small and compact 

 (at most 2 or 3 inches long) ; its clusters short, crowded, seldom recurved or much secund. — 

 Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 19.5. 5'. Missouriensis, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. 1. c, as to the 

 original from " upper branches of the Missouri, Wyelh." — Dakota to the Saskatchewan and 

 west to Idaho. 



