Towni^endia. COMPOSITiE. 167 



purple to white ; fl. from early spring to summer. Akene commonly beset with 

 bristly " duplex " hairs, having a forked or glochidiate-capitellate apex. Involu- 

 cral bracts mostly ciliate. — Fl. ii. 16, t. Ill); Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 185; Gray, 

 Proc. Am. Acad. xvi. 82. For structure of the achenial hairs, see Macloskie in 

 Proc. Am. Nat. xvii. 31, xviii. 1102. 



* Bracts of the involucre conspicuously attenuate-acuminate: head large; the involucre half-inch 

 or more liigli, and rays half-inch long: fl. summer. 



-)— Caulescent biennials or annuals, somewhat hirsute-pubescent, but the foliage at length glabrate: 

 involucre naked; its bracts from lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate: rays showy, bright blue or 

 violet. (Pappus of the first species anomalous!) 



T. exiniia, Gray. Stems erect, simple or sparingly branching, 6 to 14 inches high : leaves 

 spatulate or the upper lanceolate : head sparingly leafy- bracted or naked at base : involucral 

 bracts ovate-lauceolate and somewhat rigidly cuspidate-acuminate, ■\vhitish-scarious with 

 green centre: akenes broadly obovate, almost cartilaginous, glabrate (sprinkled with a few 

 short and obscure glochidiate-tipped hairs) : pappus wholly persistent, of 2 subulate at length 

 corneous stout awns which are rather shorter than the akene (sometimes wanting in the ray), 

 and a circle of rigid squamellaj which are mostly coroniform-concreted at base and rigid in 

 age. — ri. Fendl. 70; Pacif. R. K. Exp. iv. 98; Proc. Am. Acad. 1. c. 83. — Mountain sides, 

 New ]Mexico and adjacent part of Colorado, Fendler, Bigelow, &c. 



T. grandiflora, Nutt. Stems spreading from the base, sometimes divergently branched 

 above, a span or two high : upper leaves often linear, 2 or more uppermost subtending the 

 head -. involucre nearly of the preceding : akenes narrowly obovate, sprinkled with glochidi- 

 ate-capitellate hairs : pappus in the ray reduced to a crown of short squamella::, in the man- 

 ner of the genus, and of the disk plurisetose and longer than the akene. — Trans. Am. Pliil. 

 Soc. n. ser. vii. 306 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Plains and hills, Wyoming and W. Nebraska to 

 the borders of New Mexico ; first coll. by Juines and Nuttall. '■ 



T. Parryi, Eaton. Stems erect, simple, stout, naked and pedunculiform above, 2 to 6 inches 

 high (the taller forms sometimes branching) : leaves mostly spatulate : bracts of the very broad 

 mvolucre lanceolate, tliinner, with softer and less attenuate tijis, or the outer barely acuminate : 

 akenes narrowly obovate, cauesceutly pubescent, the hairs acute and simple or many of them 

 1-2-dentate at tip : pappus of the ray plurisetose like that of the disk, or somewhat more 

 scanty, rays "blue" or violet. — Am. Naturahst, viii. 212 ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xvi. 1. c. 

 — Wyoming, Montana, and E. Idaho, Haijden, Parr//, &c. 



Var. alpina, Gray, 1 c. A dwarf and alpine form, more pubescent and cinereous : 

 leaves very small, at most half-inch long : flowering stem about the same length or hardly 

 any involucral bracts less pointed : "rays pink." — Wyoming on the high divide between 

 Stinking Water and the Yellowstone (confounded with T. spathulata), Parry. 

 -I— -I- Depressed-stemless and monocephalous perennial. 



T. COndensata, Parry. Very lanuginous with long and soft arachnoid hairs, the spatu- 

 late obovate leaves (with blade 2 or 3 lines long and tapering into a very much longer petiole) 

 rosulate-crowded aroiuid the large and broad sessile head, the whole forming a globular or 

 hemispherical woolly tuft, an inch and a half high and surmounting a slender stoloniform 

 caudex: bracts of the involucre linear and soft, with a weak attenuate apex, all nearly 

 equal in length: rays 100 or more, narrow: disk-flowers also very numerous ■ pappus of ray 

 and disk similarly and slenderly pluri.setose and long. — Am. Nat. viii. 213 (description by 

 Eaton). — Wyoming, on a high alpine peak of the Owl Creek range, July, J. D. Putnam. 



* * Bracts of the involucre not prominently if all acuminate: heads mostly smaller or narrower: 

 pappus of the disk and often of the ray plurisetose. 



-(— Hairs on the akene mostly copious and slender, some simple, others bitid or bi- (rarely tri-) 

 dentate at the apex, the teetli or lobes ascending or mereh' spreading and usually acute: heads 

 middle-sized, more or less naked-pedunculate; the pink or rarely white rays and the involucre 

 each from a tliird to barely half an inch long: bracts of the latter few-ranked : annuals or bi- 

 ennials. (The most western species in range.) 



++ Pappus of the ray like that of the disk, but somewhat shorter. 

 T. florifer, Gray. A span or more high, cinereous-hirsute : stems rather slender from an 

 annual root, leafy . leaves linear or the lowest lanceolate-spatulate, acute, mostly apiculate- 



