Gnaphalium. COMPOSITE. 235 



oblong, obtuse. (Slender forms resemble G. hiteo-album of the Old "World, which has duller 

 or sordid heads and scabrous-pubescent akenes. A slender form in New Mexico, &c., 

 nearly approaches the Mexican G. gracile, HBK., which has yellowish involucre.) — Bot. 

 Beech. 1.50; Torr. & Gray, I'l. ii. 427; Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 341. C. Chilense, Spreng. Syst. 

 iii. 480, ex Less, in Linn. vi. 525, but not Chilian. G. luteo-album, Hook. Fl. ; Xutt. Trans. 

 Am. rhil. Soc. 1. c. (var. occidentale), &c. — Moist or dry ground, from N. Oregon to S. Cali- 

 fornia, and eastward to W. Texas. (Mex.) 



•(—-)— -1— Leaves obviously adnate-decurrent, the upper face at least becoming naked and green 

 in age and with the stem glaudular-pubescent or glandular-viscid: herbage strongly balsamic- 

 scented. 



++ Root apparently' annual or biennial. 



G. deciirrens, Ives. Stem stout, 2 or 3 feet high, corymbosely branched at summit, and 

 bearing crowded cymosely disposed glomerules of broad heads : leaves very numerous, lan- 

 ceolate or the upper linear, white-woolly beneath or rarely glabrate : involucre broadly cam- 

 panulate, white, usually becoming rusty-tinged ; the thin-scarious bracts ovare and oblong, 

 acutish, only the innermost linear-lanceolate and acute. — Am. Jour. Sci. i. 380, t. 1 ; Torr. 

 Compend. 288 ; Hook. Fl. i. 328 ; DC. Prodr. vi. 236 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Gray, Bot. Calif. 

 i. 346. — Rather open and dry ground. New England to Pennsylvania, Upper Michigan, 

 Colorado, also Texas, New Mexico, and to Brit. Columbia and Washiugton Terr. 



Var. Californicum, Gray, 1. c. Bracts of the involucre more pearly white : leaves 

 usually shorter. — G. Californicum, DC. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c., excl. var. — Throughout 

 the western part of California, and to San Bernardino Co. Foliage sometimes wholly 

 green. 



G. ramosissimuin, Nutt. Greener than G. decurrens, soon glabrate, and more glandu- 

 lar-viscid : stem 2 to 6 feet high, pauiculately and fastigiately much branched above : leaves 

 smaller, linear: heads amply and rather loosely paniculate, small (commonly 2 lines long), 

 comparatively few-flowered • involucre turbinate ; its bracts fewer, narrower, white or 

 tinged with rose. —- PI. Gamb. 172; Gray in Wilkes Exped. xvii. 363, & Bot. Calif. 342. 

 G. Sprengelii, var. eruhescens, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c, a form with rosy bracts. 

 G. Californicum, Yav., Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Thickets, &c., W. California, from the Sacra- 

 mento to Los Angeles ; first coll. by Nuttall. 



•H- ++ Root lignescent-perennial. 

 G. leucocephalum, Gray. Very white with close wool, except the upper face of the 

 leaves : stems a foot or two high, strict, mostly simple, very leafy : cauline leaves all nar- 

 rowly linear, small (not over 2 inches long, a line or two wide), attenuate-acute, commonly 

 erect, hardly broader at the short-decurrent base, viscid-glandular above : heads in a rather 

 close cyme: involucre broadly campanulate, much imbricated, pure pearly white; the 

 bracts thin-papery, ovate and oblong, obtuse. — PI. Wright, ii. 99. — Dry water-courses, 

 western borders of Texas to Arizona and S. California, Wright, Thurber, Parish, &c. 



* * Involucre less imbricated, more involved in wool, the scarious tips of the nearly equal bracts 

 comparatively inconspicuous and dull-colored: heads glomerate and leafy-bractcate, only a line 

 or so in length : low and branching annuals, a few inches or rarely a foot high : akenes in the 

 same species either smooth or scabrous. Species perhaps confluent. 



G. palustre, Nutt. Loosely floccose with long wool, erect, at length diffuse or weak : 

 leaves (3 to 5 lines wide) spatulate or the uppermost oblong or lanceolate : tips of the linear 

 involucral bracts white, obtuse. — Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 342. G. palustre & G. tjossjipinum, 

 Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 427, 428. — Common in all moist 

 grounds, from Washington Terr, to S. California, east to Wyoming and New Mexico. 



G. uliginosum, L. (Cudweed.) Appressed-woolly, soon diffusely branched: leaves 

 spatulate-lincar or the lower spatulate-oblanceolate : involucral bracts brownish to the tip or 

 soon becoming so, acutish or obtuse, the outermost oblong. — Fl. Dan. 859; Engl. Bot. 

 1194; DC. Prodr. vi. 230. — Low or wet ground, a common weed, from Newfoundland to 

 Virginia and west to the Mississippi ; seemingly introduced from Eu. Also in Oregon and 

 Brit. Columbia, where the preceding appears to pass into this. (Eu., N. Asia.) 



G. strictum, Gray. Appressed-woolly: stem strict and simple, a span to a foot high, 

 sometimes branching or witli ascending stems from the base : leaves all linear, seldom a line 

 wide : heads in spicately disposed glomerules in the axils or on short lateral branches : invo- 



