liudbeckia. ' COMPOSITE. 259 



95. RUDBlfiCKIA, L. Coneflower. (The two Professors JRicdbeck, 

 father and son, predecessors of Linnasus at Upsal.) — N. American herbs, chiefly 

 perennial ; with alternate leaves, either simple or compound, and commonly 

 showy pedunculate heads terminating stem- and branches; the rays yellow, rarely 

 with brown-purple base, in one species wholly crimson, the disk from fuscous to 

 purplish black. Fl. summer. — Gasrtn. Fr. t. 172, Riidbeckia &. Dracopis, Cass. 

 1. c. ; DC. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, Y\. ii. 307, 316. 



§ 1. EuRUDBECKiA. Akenes prismatic-quadrangular, when laterally com- 

 pressed yet with a salient angle or rib on the lateral faces : bracts persisting on 

 the receptacle. — Rudhechia, Cass., &c. 



# Disk from hemispherical to globose or oblong-ovoid, dark -purple (at least, the corollas ) or brown : 

 akenes (not rarely becoming somewhat curved) inserted by a central or slightly oblique basal 

 areola. 



-J— Leaves elongated-linear, as it were gramineous, but rigid, nervose, shining, entire: chaffy 

 bracts of the receptacle firm or rigid, carinate-concave, commonly mucronate from tlie thicki^li 

 obtuse summit, rather shorter tlsan the subtended flowers : style-tips conical-capitate : disk dark 

 brown, globular, becoming ovoid in fruit: stems rush-like and striate, 2 feet or more high fi-om 

 a perennial root, bearing solitary rather small heads on long naked peduncles: rays in one 

 species dark crimson ! 



R. atrorubens, Nutt. Either glabrous or sparsely and minutely strigulose : stems rigid, 

 nearly simple, few-leaved : leaves rather obtuse, often purplish ; radical and lowest cauline 

 often a foot long, a quarter to half an inch wide : involucre a few small subulate-liuear 

 bracts : rays 9 or more, oblong, half-inch long, dark crimson ; fructiferous disk two thirds of 

 an inch long, its receptacle fusiform-conical ; its chaffy bracts thick and firm, oblong, tipped 

 with a short rigid mucro : akenes equably quadrangular, straight and with centrally basal 

 insertion, a line and a half long, inclusive of the short cupulate and obscurely 4-toothed 

 pappus. — Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 80. Echinacea atrorubens, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 

 1. c. 354; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 306 (with var. graminifoUa) ; Chapm. Fl. 226. — Borders of 

 pine-barren ponds, Georgia and Florida, in the low country (also Arkansas, according to 

 Nuttall), ]Vrui/, C/iapmau, Mohr, &c. 



E. bupleuroid.es, Siiuttl. Perfectly glabrous and smooth, divergently branching : leaves 

 pale green, attenuate-acute ; the larger 7 or 8 inches long, 2 or 3 lines wide : heads smaller ; 

 disk even when fructiferous hemispherical or globular : rays bright sulphur-yeUow, over half- 

 inch long : chaffy bracts of the receptacle less rigid, obtuse with obscure or blunt mucro : 

 akenes somewhat curved and with rather oblique insertion, 2 lines long, inclusive of the deep 

 cupulate and irregularly dentate pappus. — Coll. Rugel distrib. by Shuttleworth ; Chapm. 

 Fl. Suppl. 629. R. Mo/irii, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 217. — W. Florida. Wet pine 

 barrens near St. Marks, RiyeJ, 1843. Margin of the Dead Lakes, near lola, C. Mohr. — 

 Makes approach to R. nitida, var. longifo/ia. 



•i~- -t— Leaves broad, various in form, thinnish, veiny : chaffy bracts of the receptacle merely 

 concave, thinnish, not rigid, acuminate into a slender almost awn-like cusp, about equalling the 

 flowers; the whole disk black-piirp'e : style-tips conical-capitate : root biennial. 



R. triloba, L. Bright green, sparsely hirsute or hispidulous, or the freely branching stem 

 glabrous and smooth, 2 to 5 feet high : radical leaves commonly cordate, slender-petioled ; 

 cauline ovate-lanceolate or broader, with cuneate subsessile base, coarsely serr.ate, acuminate, 

 or the upper lanceolate and nearly entire, the lower divergently 3-lobed or 3-parted : heads 

 • short-peduncled : involucre foliaceous, soon reflexed ; its bracts linear or mostly so, unequal, 

 nearly in a single series: rays 8 to 10, half-inch to inch long, deep yellow, .sometimes parti- 

 colored, the basal portion orange or even brown-purple : disk depressed-globular, becoming 

 ovoid at maturity (al)out half-inch in diameter), glabrous, the upper part of the chaffy 

 bracts and the flowers dark purple : akenes equably quadrangular : pappus a minute crown 

 or border. — Spec. ii. 907 (pi. Gronov., Pluk., &c.) ; Michx. Fl. ii. 144 (excl. var.) ; Bot. Eeg. 

 t. 525 ; Bart. Fl. Am. Sept. i. t. 24 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. R. triloba, siibtomentosa (as to herb. 

 & pi. Virg. ), & aristata,Vnrt<h, ¥1. 575. Peramibus hirtus, Raf. Ann. Nat. 14. Centrocarpha 

 triloba (at least as to "jjaleis acumiuato aristatis," though the rest of the character refers to 



