Balsamorrhiza. COMPOSIT^E. 265 



W. carnosa, Pers. Perennial herb, slightly strigose-hispidulous, glahrate : stem exten- 

 sively creeijing, sending up erect branches : leaves flesliy, mostly sessile, cuneate-oblong to 

 obovate, somewhat serrate, often with some coarse teetii or 3 to 5 sliort lobes : rays golden 

 yellow, 3-toothed, little surpassing the oblong foliaceous iuvolucral bracts : akenes (3 lines 

 long including the cupulate pappus) much tliickened and muricate-scabrous at maturity, the 

 attenuate base compressed and sharp-edged. — Syn. ii. 490; DC. Prodr. v. 538; Griseb. Fl. 

 W. lud. 371. Si/jihium trilohntum, L. Spec. ed. 2, ii. 1302 (Plum. ed. Burm. t. 107, f. 2; 

 Sloane, Jam. t. 155, f. 1 ). Buphthulmum repens, Lam. — Biscayne Bay, S. E. Florida, Curtiss. 

 (\V. lud., S.Am.) 



98. BORRlCHIA, Adtms. {Ole Borrich, a Danish botanist of the 17th 

 centur}^) --Shrubs or suffruticose and more or less fleshy plants of the sea-coast, 

 canescent, or becoming ghxbrate and green ; with opposite entire or denticulate 

 leaves tapering somewhat into a jietiole, and rather large heads of yellow flowers 

 on terminal peduncles: fl. summer. — Fam. ii. 130; DC. Prodr. v. 488. 



B. arborescens, DC. Shrub 4 feet or less high, fleshy, much branclied : leaves spatulate- 

 lanceulate, rigidly mucronate, veiuless : involucre appressed : bracts of the receptacle obtuse 

 or barely mucrouate. — Prodr. 1. c. Asteriscus, &c., Dill. Elth. t. 38, f. 43. Coromi-solis 

 /rutescens, &c., Plum. ed. Burm. t. 16, f. 2. Buphtluilmum arborescens, L,. Spec. ed. 2, ii. 1273. 

 — Sandy sliores and Keys, S. Florida. (W. Ind. to Peru.) 



B. frutescens, DC. Less woody, more permanently canescent ; the simpler stems 1 to 3 feet 

 high : leaves fleshy-coriaceous, from obovate to spatulate-lanceolate, sometimes dentate : 

 bracts of the involucre smaller aud looser, spreading in age ; of the receptacle spiuulose- 

 cuspidate. — Prodr. 1. c. Asteriscus frutescens, &c., Dill. Elth. t. 38, f. 44. Chrsjaaiilhemnm 

 fruticosuin, &c., Catesb. Car. i. t. 93. Buphthalnium frutescens, L. Spec. ii. 903 ; Walt. Car. 

 212; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 2G8. — Saudy sea-coast, Virginia to Texas. (Mex., &c.) 



99. BALSAMORRHtZA, Hook. (BaAo-a/xoi/, balsam, (ii'Ca, root.) — 

 Low perennials (all of Central and Western N. America) ; with thick and deep 

 roots, which exude a terebinthine balsam, and send up a tuft of radical leaves, 

 mostly on long petioles, and short simple few-leaved flowering stems or naked 

 scapes, bearing large and mostly solitary heads of yellow flowers ; the rays ample 

 and numerous. Cauline leaves when present alternate or occasionally opposite, 

 petioled. The root, when peeled (to get rid of the terebinthine rind) and baked, 

 is an article of food to the aborigines, and the akenes are also eaten. — Fl. i. 

 310 (under HeUopsis) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 300; Gray, PI. Fendl. 81. 



§ 1. Ligviles becoming thin-papery, and persistent on or very tardily deciduous 

 from the canescently pubescent akenes. — Kalliactis, Gray, 1. c. 



B. Careyana, Gray, 1. c. Cinereous-pubescent, slightly scabnms : flowering stems a foot 

 liigli, bearing 3 or 4 small lanceolate leaves and 2 to 7 racemosely disposed heads : leaves 

 sulicoriaceous, entire, reticulated ; the radical cordate-lanceolate, a span or more iu length : 

 involucre half-ineh or more liigli : ligules oval, hardly inch long, aliruptly contracted into a 

 very short but distinct tul)e: style-branches of the dislv-flowers subulate aud very hispid 

 tlu'ougliout. — Sandy plains on the Clearwater, Idaho, fl. Maj', Spaldin;;. Rediscovered on 

 the Wallawalla, Washington Terr., 1883, by Brandegee, with the raj'S deciduous from the 

 mature fruit. 



§ 2. Ligules deciduous in the ordinary manner : akenes glabrous : stems or 



scapes terminated by solitary or sometimes 2 or 3 heads. 



* Leaves entire or merely serrate ; the principal ones cordate or with cordate base and long-peti- 

 o1ed. — § Artorhiza, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 350. Eqjdetia, Xutt. Jour. Acad. Plidad. 

 vii. 39, not Hiunb. & Conpl. 



B. sagittata, Nutt. Silvery-tomentulose or cane.scent, and the involucre white-woolly : 

 radical leaves from cordate-oblong to hastate, entire or nearly so (4 to 9 inches long, the 



