Hdianthus. • COMPOSITE. 271 



V. Parishii, Greene. Branched from the base and diffuse; the nearly simple slender 

 tloweriug branches (sometimes rather canescently pubescent) bearing mostly solitary pedun- 

 culate heads: leaves ovate, small (half-inch to barely inch long), somewhat serrate, short- 

 petioled : involucre broad : its bracts lanceolate : akeues more villous : awns as long as the 

 akene and chaffy-dilated only near the base; the palete much laciuiate. — Bull. Torr. Club, 

 ixr>5. — Desert region of W. Arizona and S. E. California to the coast at San Luis Rey, 

 Newberry, Palmer, Parry & Lemmon, Parish, W. G. Wriijht, Greene. 



-1— H— H— Herbaceous ? perennials, white-tonientose or canescent (at least the foliage) : involucre 

 of rather short imbricated bracts. 



V. reticulata, Watson. Stem glabrate, few-leaved : leaves rigid and coriaceous, cordate, 

 entire, strongly veined and reticulated beneath, 2 inches long, petioled, canescent with short 

 rather silky jniiiescence : heads small (3 or 4 lines high), several in the corvmbiform clus- 

 ters : rays 3 lines long : subulate chaffy awns only twice tho length of the laciniate paleai 

 of the pappus. — Amer. Nat. vii. 301'. — Telescope Mountain, Nevada, Wliceler. 



V. tephrodes, Gray. Silvery-white with close-pressed sericeous-hirsute (not tomentose) 

 pubescence, which is probably somewhat deciduous : leaves alternate, ovate-oblong or tlie 

 upper rather deltoid-lanceolate, entire, thickish, 3-ribbed at base and obscurely veinv, less 

 than inch long, sleuder-petioled : heads few or solitary, less than half-inch higli : akenes (or 

 rather ovaries) short, with \illous-ciliate margins and rather glabrous sides, aI)out the length 

 of the lanceolate awned paleai, tho short intermediate paleas dissected into almost setiform 

 squamellffl. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 218. HeluDitluis (Ilarpaliam) tephrodes, Grav, Bot. 

 Mex. Bound. 90. Virjnicra nivea. Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 354, excl. syn. Benth. & syn. Kellogg. 

 — S. E. California, at Mirasol del Monte, in the Colorado Desert, SrJiott. 

 V. IvAnAta, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 218 (Bahiopsis lanata, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 



ii. 35), of Lower California, with very pannose dense tonientum, is of the genus, but is not 



Encelia nioea, Benth. 



V. TOMENTOSA and V. DELTofDEA, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. v. IGl, are other species of 

 Lower California. 



103. TITHONIA, Desf. (Tt^oW?, consort of Aurora.) — 1101)1151 annuals 

 (all Mexican) ; with alternate petioled and 3-ril)bed often 3-lol)ed ami)le leaves, and 

 large heads of yellow flowers on long and stout upwardly thickened peduncles. 

 Ligides entire or nearly so. Bracts of the receptacle rather rigid, striate, cuspi- 

 date or aristate. Akenes oblong or narrower, compressed-quadrangular : the 

 pappus eitlier deciduous or persistent. — Desf. Ann. Mus. i. 49, t. 4 ; Benth. & 

 Plook. Gen. ii. 374. — The following was collected so near the southwestern 

 boundary of the U. S. that it is here introduced. 



T. Thurberi, Gray. Comparatively small and slender, 2 feet high, slightly hispid : leaves 

 ovate, serrate, undivided : head only half-inch high, with little exserted orange-colored rays : 

 bracts of the involucre lanceolate or oblong, with short foliaceous tips : akenes narrow : 

 squamell£e of the pappus linear-oblong, coriaceous, the awns nearly smooth. — Proc. Am. 

 Acad. viii. 655. T. tiifxrformis, Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 90, not Cass., which is a far lai'ger 

 and showy species. — Magdalena, State of Sonora, Mex., near Arizona, Thurber. 



104. HELIANTHUS, L. Sunflower. (From "HAto?, the sun, and 

 a?'^o9. flower.) — Annual and perennial American herbs, almost all N. American, 

 usually tall or coarse ; with the lowest and sometimes all the leaves opposite and 

 simjile ; heads pedunculate and terminating the stem or branches, produced in 

 summer or autumn, with yellov/ rays (wanting in one or two species), and either 

 yellow or dark purple disk-flowers : chaffy bracts of the receptacle either entire 

 or 3-toothed : throat of the disk-corollas not rarely 10-nerved. Pappus normally 

 of a thin and acuminate or awn-pointed palea from each of the two principal 

 angles of the akene, or rarely an additional one : intermediate squamellas present 



