272 COMPOSITiE. Helianthus. 



only in a few species, and then inconstant, or else , mere appendages or lateral 

 portions of the 2-paleaceous pappus. Juice of the stem resinous. — Schkuhr, 

 Handb. t. 528; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 318; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 37G, excl. 

 syn. of Flourensia in part. 



H. PAUCiFLORCs, Nutt. Geu. ii. 177, of "Lower Louisiana," with narrow serrate leaver, and 

 ovate closely imbricated bracts to the involucre, has not been identified. 



§ 1. Annuals : involucre spreading ; its bracts attenuate to a point : disk 

 brownish or dark purple : receptacle flat or nearly so : leaves petioled, o-ribbed 

 from or near the base, all but the lower usually alternate. 



* Stem erect, commonly robust: chaffy bracts of the receptacle mostly 3-cleft at apex, the longer 

 middle lobe lance(date or linear and somewhat hirsute or hi.si)id. Species of dihicult limitcUion, 

 apparently confluent. 



H. argophyllus, Tokr. & Gray. Wliite with soft and silky wool, which is sometimes 

 floccose, in age more or less deciduous : leaves slightly serrate : otherwise as in tlie larger 

 indigenous forms of the following. — Fl. ii. iS18; Rev. Hort. 1857,431 with figure. — Texas; 

 first coll. by Dnnnmond. Disk often inch and a half broad, and rays as long. Degenerates 

 in cultivation apparently into 



H. annuus, L. (Commox Sdxflower.) Robust, when well developed tall, hispid, his- 

 piduloirs, or scabrous : stem often spotted or mottled : leaves ovate and the lower cordate, 

 serrate, the larger 6 to 12 inches long, the blade of the cauline ones longer than their petiole : 

 bracts of the involucre fronr Lroadly ovate to oblong, arisliform-acuminate, below liispidly 

 ciliate : dislc in the wild plant commonly an inch or more in diameter. — Spec. ii. 904 (excl. 

 habitat, for it came not from Peru, nor even from Mexico) ; Lam. 111. 706; Grav, Bot. Calif. 

 1. 353. //. Icniiciilaris, Dougl. Bot. Reg. t. 1225; DC. Prodr. v. 586; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 

 //. tuba'formis, 'Sntt. Gen. ii. 177; lud. Sem. Gcett. 139. //. ovatns, Lehm. Ind. Sem. Ilamb. 

 1828, «& Linn. v. 376. //. eri/ihrocarpus, Bartl. //. maorocarpus, DC. Prodr. 1. c, a race of 

 the garden Sunflower with larger and light-colored akenes, long cult, iu Russia, &c., for food 

 and oil. //. tnnltijioriis, Hook. PI. i. 313, excl. syn. (For history, &c., see Decaisne in PI. 

 des Serres, xxiii., and Gray & Trumbull in Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 3, xxiii. 245.) — Plain.s and 

 alluvial grounds, Saskatchev/au to Texas, and west to Washington Terr, and California. 

 (Adj. Mex.) Pruit from early times collected by the N. American Indians for food and 

 hair-oil ; tlie plant cultivated for these uses. Gigautesque forms everywhere commonly 

 cultivated ivv ornament. 



H. petiolaris, Nutt. A foot to a yard high, more slender, loosely branching, strigose-his- 

 pidulons, rarely hirsute : leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or sparingly 

 denticulate, barely acute, 1 to 3 inches long, cuneately attenuate or tlie lower a])ruptly con- 

 tracted into a long and slender petiole : bracts of tine involucre lanceolate or ol)long-lauceo- 

 late, witli acute and mucronate or sometimes more attenuate tips, seldom at all ciliate : disk 

 half-inch or more in diameter. — Jour. Acad. Philad. ii. 115; Sweet, Brit. PI. Gard. ser. 2, 

 t. 75 ; DC. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. //. patens, Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hamb. 1828, & lud. Schol. 

 1828, 19. H. integrifolius, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 366. — Dry plains, Saskatchewan 

 to Texas, west to Oregon and Arizona: seemingly passes into the preceding species. 



Var. canescens, Gray, PI. Wright, i. 108. Leaves whitened with a fine and close 

 strigulose-sericeous pubescence; the lowest ovate, all or most of them with blade longer 

 than the petiole. — S. W. Texas and New Mexico; first coll. by Wrijhl. Avery similar 

 variety from Nebraska, //. Emjclmann. 



* * Stem erect, not tall: chaffy bracts of the receptacle entire or with a pair of small lateral 

 teeth, and the apex prolonged into a naked cusp or awn: bracts of the involucre hirsute or 

 hispid witli long spreading hairs, oblong or lanceolate, mostly attenuate-acuminate. 



H. scaberrimus, Benth. A foot or two high : stem rather stout, hranching, scabrous- 

 hispid : leaves from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, from ratiier coarsely serrate to entire, 2 to 5 

 inches long, the base cuneately or more abruptly contracted into the petiole, both faces either 

 slightly or strongly scabroi\s : disk about two-tliirds inch in diameter, and rays of al)out 

 equal lengtli : cusp of tlie cliaff mostly subulate-aristiform and equalling the developed disk- 

 flowers. — Bot. Sulph. 28, uot Ell. II. Bolanderi, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 544, & Bot. 



