278 COMPOSITiE. Helianthus. 



++++++ Imperfectly known Pacific species, probabh' perennial, with foliaceous involucre. 

 H. Douglasii, Tokr. & Gray. Stems branching, ascending, hispidulous : leaves alternate; 

 upper rhomboid-oblong to spatulate-lauceolate, taperiug into winged petioles, obtuse, entire, 

 inch or two long : head half-inch high : bracts of the involucre almost all foliaceous, hispidu- 

 lous; outer narrowly oblong, mostly obtuse, reflexed or spreading, longer than the disk, 

 innermost shorter, erect, acute or somewhat acuminate : rays barely half-inch long : chaff of 

 receptacle entire. — Fl. ii. 332. — California, Douglas (mentioned in Bot. Beech. 253); near 

 Santa Clara, Sinclair, in Bot. Sulph. as " H. Californicus." 

 ^_ H— 4^ ^— Leaves all or most of them opposite, at least the cauline, or in H. tuherosus, &c., 



the upper alternate, all tripliuerved or 3-uerved : Atlantic species. 

 ++ Heads remarkably small, only 4 or 5 lines high and rather narrow, loosely paniculate : rays 



only 5 to 8, seldom inch long: stem and spreading branches slender: leaves scabrous above, 



puberulent or canescent-tomentulose beneath. 

 H. parviflorus, Beunh. Stem smooth and glabrous, 3 to 6 feet high : leaves thin, nearly 

 membranaceous, ovate-lanceolate or narrower, cuneately or almost trmicately contracted at 

 base into a half-inch or inch long partly margined petiole, gradually attenuate-acuminate, 

 serrulate, sometimes more serrate (4 to 7 inches long, the larger inch or two wide near, the 

 base), pale and when young tomeutulose or puberulent beneath; bracts of the campanulate 

 involucre subulate-lanceolate, shorter than the comparatively few-flowered disk, the tips 

 loose or squarrose: rays 5 or 6, comraouly half-inch but sometimes nearly inch long. — 

 Spreng. Syst. iii. 617 (1826, & probably somewhat earlier), not of IIBK. Nov. Gen. &. Spec, 

 1820 {H. micranthus, Spreng.), which perhaps is not of the genus. H. divaricatus, Michx. 

 Fl. ii. 141 ; EH. Sk. ii. 428, not L. H. strumosiis, var. pallidus. Ell. 1. c, ex Torr. & Gray. 

 H. trachelilfolius, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 98. H. microccphalus, Torr. & Gray, El. ii. 229. 



— Moist woods and along streams, Pennsylvania to Illinois, Upper Georgia, Arkansas, and 

 Louisiana. 



Var. attenuatus. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 5 inches long, at most half-inch wide, 

 very scabrous above, therefore connecting with the following. — ]3ry woods, near Tallulah 

 Falls, Georgia, ./. Donnell Smith. 

 H. Schweinitzii, Torr. & Geay. Stem hispidulous or minutely strigosepubescent, 2 to 

 5 feet high : leaves of thicker texture, shagreen-scabrous above, canescently tomeutulose 

 beneath, lanceolate (the larger 4 to 7 inches long, inch or less wide) and with more tapering 

 less petioled ba.se, serrulate or nearly entire : involucre hirsute : rays 6 to 8, half-inch long. 



— Fl. ii. 330; Chapm. Fl. 231. — Dry ground, W. North Carolina to Middle Georgia. 



++ ++ Heads small, half-inch or less high, few or scattered, sleuder-pedunded : rays 6 to 10: 

 whole ])lant glabrous and smooth! except perhaps the edges of the leaves and involucral bracts: 

 involucre campanulate, of thickish smooth bracts; the outer lanceolate with gradually attenuate- 

 subulate spreading tips; inner ovate-lanceolate or broader, somewhat acuminate, erect: akenes 

 a little hairy at the smnmit: usually but not always one or two conspicuotis acute squamelhe 

 or sliort paleie on each side between the lanceolate or ovate principal pale;e of tho pappus, some- 

 times united with their base (like stipules), caducous with them. 



H. longif olius, Pursh. Stem 3 to 7 feet high, simple : leaves elongated linear-lanceolate 

 (3 to 8 inclies long, quarter to half inch wide), thiclush, mostly entire, sessile, lowest cauline 

 and radical tapering into slender margined petioles: rays about 10, narrow, half-inch long: 

 chaff of the receptacle glabrous, commonly 3-toothed, narrow : proper paleaj of the pappus 

 2 or 3, the squaniella; thin and small. — Fl. ii. 571 ; Ell. Sk. ii. 417 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 431. 

 Leighia longifolia, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 365. — W. Georgia, iu wet soil, Lijon, &c. 

 Little known ; no sufficient specimens seen. 



H. laevigatus, Torr. & Gray. No creeping rootstocks and no fleshy-thickened roots : .stem 

 2 to 5 feet high, glaucous : leaves lanceolate, very acute, subsessile, thickish, ])ale beneath, 

 sparsely serrulate or the upper entire : rays 6 to 8, broad, usually inch long, bright yellow : 

 chaff of the receptacle entire, more or less pubescent on the back; s(iuamelhv or inter- 

 mediate paleaj of the pappus rather large and firm, half or a quarter the length of the lan- 

 ceolate or ovate proper ])alea3, sometimes wanting. — Fl. ii. 330 ; Gray, Man. 256. — Alle- 

 ghany Mountains in Virginia and N. Carolina. Occurs in two forms ; one slender, simple, 

 2 or 3 feet liigh, with narrow leaves 3 to 5 inches long, half-inch or less broad (this possii)ly 

 may be //. longifolius): the other larger, 4 to 6 feet high, branching, with ampler leaves, 

 the larger cauline ovate- or oblong-lanceolate and 2 or 3 inches wide, and rays over an inch 



