Helianthus. ■ COMPOSITE. 279 



long, and it would appear to pass into //. sfrumosus except for the remarkable smoothness. 

 Bracts of the involucre minutely ciliolate. 



•H- ++ ++ Heads middle-sized, at least lialf-inch high : rays usually but not always more than 

 10, an inch or more long: plant multiplying by creeping rootstocks. (Species difficult of extri- 

 cation, either confluent or mixed by intercrossing.) 



= Caiiline leaves all sessile and even somewhat connate by a more or less narrowed base, those 

 of the flowering branches not rarely alternate, none more than serrulate, no lateral basal ribs. 

 H. doronicoides, Lam. Minutely pubescent and somewhat scabrous: stem 3 to 7 feet 

 high : leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed from below the middle to both ends, moderately .so 

 below, lightly or indistinctly triplinerved much iibove the base, 4 to 8 inches long : involucre 

 of loose subulate-linear and slender pointed br.icts, soft-pubescent or hirsute: rays 13 to 18, 

 a third to half inch broad, sometimes inch and a h.alf long : ovary and akene glabrous. — 

 Diet. iii. 84 ; Torr. & Gray, i'l. ii. 327, in part, excl. syn. Vahl, &c., not of Gray, Man. 

 H. puhescens. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2778, not Vahl. H. cinereus ? var. SiilUvantii, Torr. & Gray, 

 1. c. 324, appears to be a form of this. — Dry Ground, Ohio to Missouri, &c. 

 = == Cauline leaves sessile or nearlj' so by a rounded or subcordafe and 3-nerved base, thence 

 gradually narrowed to the slender apex, of rather firm texture: heads and rays comparatively 

 small. 

 H. divaricatUS, L- Stem simple to the summit or nearly, a foot to a yard high, mostly 

 slender, rigid, usually smooth and glabrous below and hispidulous-scabrous at summit, bear- 

 ing few short-peduncled heads : leaves green and scabrous both sides, appressed-serrulate, 

 all the cauline opposite and horizontally divaricate (whence the name), commonly 4 or 5 

 .inches long, and at base an inch or two wide : head only half-inch high, bracts of the iuvo 

 lucre lanceolate-subulate, usually hirsute-ciliate : rays 8 to 12, at most an inch long. — Spec. 

 ii. 906 (excl. syn. Moris. Hist. sect. 6, t. 7, f. 6G) ; Ait. Kew. iii. 250; Willd. Spec. iii. 2244; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 329. H. truncatus, Schweinitz in Ell. Sk. ii. 416. Chrijsanthemum Vir- 

 ginianum, &c., Moris. Hist. sect. 6, t. 3, f. 62? — Dry and .sandy or gravelly soil, Canada and 

 Saskatchewan to Florida and Louisiana. 



= = = Cauline leaves short-pet ioled or upper subsessile, serrulate or serrate with small erect 

 teeth, or the uppermost entire, all triplinerved from near the base. 



H. hirSlitUS, K.\f. Stem simple or branched at summit, 2 to 4 feet high, rigid, commonly 

 smootii below, rough and hispidulous above : leaves oblong-lanceolate and ovate-lanceolate, 

 subsessile or sliort-petioled with a roundish or broad abrupt and rarely subcordate or some- 

 times rather cuneate base, thence gradually tapering to tlie point in the manner of //. divari- 

 catus, scabrous above, somewhat so and little paler beneath: bracts of the involucre usually 

 broadly lanceolate and acuminate, ciliate, unequal, commonly erect and not surpassing the 

 disk : rays 12 to 15, rather broad, fully inch long. —Ann. Kat. (1820), 14 ; DC. Prodr. v. 591 ; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 329. H. clifersiyblius & H. hispidulus ? Ell. Sk. 1. c. — Dry or moist 

 soil, Ohio to Wiscon.-^in and south to Georgia and Texas. 



Var. trachyphyllus, Torr. & Gray, 1. c, a form from Arkansas, with thick very 

 rough leaves, and larger heads with squarrose involucre. 



Var. stenophyllus, Torr. & Gray, 1. c, a small form, with narrow lanceolate 

 leaves almost sessile by a somewhat contracted base. — H. sCrumosus, Yar.l leptophi/llus, Torr. 

 & Gray, 1. c, may be the same with smoother stem. — Louisiana and Texas. 



H. strumosus, L. Rootstocks long and slender, often branching, thickened often into a 

 narrow fusiform tuber at the apex: stem usually branching, 3 to 6 feet high, glabi'ous and 

 very smooth and often glaucous, but summit and branches not rarely hispidulous : leaves 

 oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, or the lower sometimes ovate, acute or acuminate, slightly serrate 

 or some of them entire, In-ight-greeu and somewhat papillose-scabrous above, wliitish beneatli 

 (either with or without minute tomentum), abruptly contracted or more tapering into a 

 margined petiole (the larger 5 to 8 inches long and 2 wide) : heads rather small (half-inch 

 high), but the rays ample, 9 to 15, commonly oblong, an inch to inch and a lialf long : bracts of 

 the involucre rather broadly or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sometimes with attenuate spread- 

 ing tips, rarely surpassing the disk, ciliate, either glabrous or pubescent on the back : pappus 

 not rarely with intermediate squamelliB, either free or adnate to tlie base of the palea;. — 

 Spec. ii. 905 ; Ait. Kew. iii. 249 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. H. Imvis, Walt. Car. 215 ? H. neglectus, 

 Otto, in Berlin Garden, is eitlier a glabrous form of this, or is U. Ui^vigatus. — Open woods 

 and banks, Canada to Wisconsin, Georgia, and Arkansas. 



