Encelia. COMPOSIT.E. 281 



Bddlng, 1875. At All-Saints Bay, 70 miles below the U. S. boundary, Parrij, 1883; perhaps 

 tlierefore within the U. S. A singular species, with aspect of a Viyuiera, but a caducous pappus 

 of two lanceolate paleas and no scpiamellte. 



105. FLOURENSIA, DC. {M. J. P. Flourens, a distinguished physi- 

 ologist.) — Founded on two homogamous northern Mexican species, of very dis- 

 tinct habit and character, shrubby, almost glabrous, somewhat resiniferous-viscid, 

 much branched, with alternate entire leaves, either corymbed or paniculate short- 

 peduncled heads from upper axils, and whitish or yellowish flowers. To these 

 the founder added two Chilian radiate species, viz. F. corymbosa, which is a 



Viguiera ( V. Pceppigii) ; and F. thurifera (Helianthus thurifer, Molina), which 

 may probably remain as a subgenus, Diomedia, Bertero and Colla, not Cass. — 

 DC. Prodr. v. 592, excl. no. 2 ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 7. 



F. cernua, DC, 1. c. Very branching and leafy shrub, with the aromatic bitterness and 

 odor of !iops, 3 to 6 feet high : branches puberulent : leaves oljovate and ol>long, half to inch 

 and a half long, acute at both ends, dull, obscurely veiny : heads seldom half-inch long, sub- 

 sessile in the axils or terminating paniculate branchlets, soon nodding : involucre cam- 

 panulate, shorter than the disk, of lanceolate erect imbricated bracts, with some outer and 

 spreading foliaceous ones passing into leaves : tips of the short style-branches much dilated, 

 wider than high : awns of the pappus rigid, half the length of the appressed-villous akene, 

 the slender squamellaj not surpassing the villous hairs. — Gray, PI. Wright, i. 114, & ii. 89. 

 Heliunthus cernuus, Beuth. & Hook. Gen., ex Hemsl., but it is not really so referred, nor has 

 it any likeness to that genus. — Arid hills and plains, W. Texas to Arizona, Wriyht, Lem- 

 mon, &c. {Adj. JVIex., Berlandier, Gregrj, &c.) 

 F. LAURiFOLiA, DC. 1. c, of N. E. Mexico, Berlandier, Palmer, is larger, with oblong and 



more veiny lucid leaves (2 to 4 inches long, on distinct ])etioles), corymbosely clustered heads 



of twice or thrice the size, &c. ; may occur on the Lower Kio Grande. 



106. ENCIELIA, Adans. {Christopher Encel, wrote upon oak-galls.) — 

 Herbs or some under-shrubby (all American, chiefly subtropical) ; with alternate 

 or opposite leaves, commonly with rather showy radiate heads of flowers on 

 naked peduncles ; the rays mostly yellow, occasionally wanting ; the disk yellow 

 or brownish. Chaffy bracts of the receptacle usually soft and mainly scarious.— 

 Benth. «fc Hook. Gen. ii. 378. Encelia, Simsia (Pers.), & Armania (Bertero), 

 DC. Prodr., with Gercea, Torr. & Gray, & Barrattia, Gray & Engelm. Neglect- 

 ing the pappus, which is inconstant, the four sections may be reduced to two. 



§ 1. EuENCELiA. Akenes densely long-ciliate : upper and commonly most of 

 the leaves alternate: petioles i\ake(\.-— Encelia, Adans. Fam. ii. 128. Pallasia, 

 L'Her. ex Ait., not L. f. Gercea, Torr. & Gray, &c. 



* Shrubby or lignescent at base, wiih herbaceous flowering branches: leaves from ovate to oblong- 

 lanceolate, mostly entire. 



E. MiCROPHtLLA, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xv. 37, & xix. 7, of Northern Mexico, makes the 

 nearest approach to Flourensia, and commonly has a biaristellate pappus. 

 • E. ALBESCENS, Gray, 1. c. viii. 658, of Sonora in Mexico, Palmer, appears to be more herlia- 

 ceous than the following species ; the akenes less strongly villous on the edges, except next the 

 summit, and the faces pubescent : pappus biaristellate. It may be expected In S. Arizona. 



E. HALiMiFOLiA, Cav. Ic. iii. 6, t. 210 (Pallasia grartdi flora, Willd. Spec. iii. 2261), from 

 "Nova Hispania," i. e. Mexico, probably from the Pacific side. This resembles E. CaliJ'ornira, 

 and, being described as having green and glabrous leaves and ciliate involucral bracts, is A^ery 

 prolialdy identified in a plant collected on the Xaqui River, Sonora, by P(tlmer, perhaps not far 

 below the Mexican border of Arizona. It is probably also E. conspersa, Benth. Bot. Sulph., of 

 Lower Califoruia. 



