282 COMPOSITiE. Encelia. 



E. Califorriica, Nutt. Woody only at base, 2 to 4 feet high, strong-scented, minutely 

 pubescent and sometimes cinereous when young, at least the foliage glabrate and green : 

 leaves from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, rarely denticulate or toothed, about 2 inches long: 

 heads commonly solitary and large , the disk nearly inch broad, brownish or purplish : invo- 

 lucre white-villous . rays 16 to 20, an inch or more long, golden yellow akenes obovate, 

 with very shallow notch and no pappus ; the margins very long-villons. — Trans. Am. I'bil. 

 Soc. vii. 357; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 317 ; Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 3.51. — Dry ground, California 

 near the coast, from Santa Barbara to San Diego, tlience east to the borders of Arizona, 

 where is a smaller-flowered form, E. conspersa, Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 88, not Benth. ? 



E. farinosa, Gray. Shrubby, except the nearly leafless flowering branches or corymbosely 

 branched peduncles, 2 to 5 feet high . leaves (and the leafy branches) silvery-white with a 

 close furfuraceous tomentum, ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, contracted at base into a rather 

 long petiole- heads somewhat paniculate, smaller, the disk only half-inch broad, yellowish ■ 

 involucre short, barely pubescent rays C to 10, only half-inch long: akenes obovate, with a 

 deep notch and no pappus. — Emory Eep. 143, & Bot. Calif. 1. c. E. vivca, Gray Bot. Mex. 

 Bound. 88, not Benth. — Dry hills, S. E. California and Arizona, finst coll. by Coulter. 



E. frutescens, Gray. Shrubby below, 2 or 3 feet high, with widely spreading monoceph- 

 alous branches, hispidalous-scabrous and at least the branches cinereous : leaves ovate or 

 oblong, obtuse, half-inch or an inch long, abruptly petioled mostl^^ from a rounded base : 

 heads rather long-peduncled, variable in size : rays either none, few, or numerous, but short 

 (quarter to half inch long) and 3-4-lobed : akenes very long-villous on the margins, with a 

 small narrow notch at summit pappus either none or of two delicate long-villous awns. — 

 Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 6.57, & Bot. Calif. 1. c. Simsia (Gercea) frutescens, Gray, Bot. Mex. 

 Bound. 89. — Gravelly hills and ravines, S. Utah, Arizona, and S. E. California; first coll. 

 by Fremont. 



* * Herbaceous perennial . leaves linear, entire. 



E. scaposa, Gray. IVIinutely scabrous-puberulent, a foot or more high : leaves all crowded 

 at and near tlie l)ase of the slender scapiform and simple monocephalous stem, rather rigid, 

 entire, 2 or 3 inches long, a line or two wide ; involucre loose : ra3S several, obovate or 

 cuneiform, half-inch or less long, 3-toothed : akenes (immature) very villous all over, as also 

 the pappus of two chaffy awns. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 7. Simsia ? ( Genea) scaposa, Gray, 

 PI. Wriglit. ii. 88. — New Mexico, and stony hills between the Mimbres and the Rio Grande, 

 Wright. 



* * * Herbaceous from an annual or "biennial root (at least the first species): leaves apparently 

 all alternate, soniewliat dentate: awns of the pajipus large and conspicuous, thick at base, con- 

 tinuous from the rather strong and very villous margins of tlie cuneate akene. — Germa, Torr. & 

 Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. v. 48. 



E. eriocephala, Gray. A foot or two high, hirsute with white hairs : stem simple or 

 branched from the annual root, leafy below, nearly leafless toward the somewhat paniculate 

 heads : leaves cuneate-obovate or ovate-oblong ; lower tapering into margined petioles, upper- 

 most reduced to sparse subulate bracts : heads about half-inch high : bracts of the involucre 

 linear-lanceolate, green, but the lower half and the margins very white with long villous 

 pul)escence : rays 12 or more, cuneate-obovate or spatulate, half-inch or more long, golden 

 yellow: akenes cuneate, sliglitly emargiuate between the tliick-based awns. — Proc. Am. 

 Acad. viii. 657 ; Bot. Calif. 1. c. Genta canescens, Torr. & Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. v. 48. 

 Simsia {Gercea) canescens, Gra}', PI. Fendl. 85. — Low grounds ami sand-hills, through the 

 arid region of W. Arizona and adjacent parts of Nevada and S. E. California ; first coll. by 

 Coulter, then by Fremont. 



Var. paniculata. A greener and less hairy form, paniculately branched ; the nu- 

 merous lieads of only half the ordinary size. — S. Arizona, Prini/le. 



E. viscida, Gray, a foot or two high, branching, leafy up to the usually short simple 

 peduncles, viscid-glandular and hirsutely villous : leaves thinnish ; cauline all ovate or oblong, 

 obtuse, closely sessile and clasping liy an auriculate or cordate base ; lower ones and base of 

 stem not seen : heads nearly an inch high and broad : bracts of the viscid involucre oblong, 

 obtuse, at length much shorter tlian the yellow disk : rays none : akenes narrowly cuneate, 

 truncate l)etween tlie awns. — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 78, & Bot. Calif, ii. 616. — Mountains of 



■ San Diego Co., California, Palmer. Parish. 



