Galinsoga. COMPOSITE. 303 



involucre fewer and narrow: rays 8 or 10, cuneate, half-inch long, 3-4-lobecl at summit: 

 alveoli cuspidate-toothed at tlie angles: akenes stipitate, turbinate, tlie flat summit crowned 

 with the pa])pus of about 12 radiate and orbicular-obovate paleaj. — Actinospermitm, Ell. 1. c. 

 A. an(justi/h/ium, Torr. & Gra}-, 1. c. Buphthalmum anyustifolium, Pursh, Fl. ii. 564. — Sand- 

 hills, Georgia and Florida ; first coll. by Burtrum. 



119. MARSHALLIA, Schreb. (Humphry Marshall, author of the earliest 



indigenous work on the sylva of N. America.) — Low and smooth nearly glabrous 



perennials (of S. Atlantic States) ; with fibrous roots, commonly simple stems, and 



solitary pedunculate {Armeria-WkG) heads of rose-purple or white glandular- 



puberulent flowers, with blue anthers, produced in spring or summer : peduncle 



puberulent : leaves alternate, entire, mostly 3-nerved, but not manifestly veiny. 



— Gen. ii. 810; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 390. Persoonia, Michx. Fl. ii. 104, not 



Smith. Trattenickia, Pers. Syn. 403, not Willd. Therolepta, Raf. 



* Leaves tliickish, mostly obtuse, all but the upper tapering below into a slender sessile base or 

 margined petiole ; radical spatulate. 



M. angustifolia, Pursh. Sometimes 2 feet high and branching above, cauline leaves 

 linear, or tlie uppermost linear-subulate; radical spatulate: bracts of involucre narrow, 

 mostly acute, rigid, head only half-inch high : corollas pale purple : akenes minutely pubes- 

 cent or at maturity glabrous, longer than the pappus. — Fl. ii. 520; Ellr Sk. ii. 316 (& var. 

 cyananthera) ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Athanasia (jraminifoUa, Walt. Car. 201. Persoonia anqus- 

 tifolia, Michx. I.e. Trattenickia angustifolia, Pers. I.e. — Low pine barrens, N. Carolina 

 (and Tennessee ?) to Florida and Louisiana. 



M. caespitosa, Nutt. More tufted, a foot high or less, either leafy only at base and' with 

 scapiform peduncle, or sparsely leafy-stemmed and sparingly branching : leaves spatulate- 

 linear, or somewhat lanceolate and the upper linear : bracts of involucre narrow-linear, acute 

 or acutish : head two-thirds inch or more high : corollas pale rose-color or white : akenes 

 obpyramidal, villous on the angles, shorter than the pappus. — Nutt. iu DC. Prodr. v. 680 ; 

 Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3704; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Calcareous soil, Arkansas to Texas; first 

 coll. by Derlandier and Nattall. 



M. lanceolata, Pursh. A foot or less bigh, commonly leafy only at base and with scapi- 

 form simple peduncle : leaves lanceolate, oblauceolate, or spatulate, 3 to 6 lines wide : bracts 

 of involucre oblong-linear or lanceolate, obtuse : akenes elongated-turbiuate, pubescent, 

 much longer than the pappus. — Fl. ii 519; Ell. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Persoonia lan- 

 ceohrta, Michx. 1. c. Trattenickia lanceolata, Pers. 1. c. — Open dry woods, N. Carolina to 

 Florida, preferring the upper districts. 



Var. platyph^^lla, M. A. Curtis. Leafy-stemmed, sometimes 2 feet high, with 

 spatulate-oblong leaves 2 to 6 inches long, all obtuse. — Chapm. Fl. 241. — Moist or wet 

 ground, N. Carolina, &c., from the middle country westward. 



* * Leaves thinner, conspicuously 3-nerved; cauline acuminate. 

 M. latifolia, Pursh, 1. c. A foot or so high, leafy to the middle or more: cauline leaves 

 oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, sessile by a merely narrowed base, gradually acuminate, 2 or 3 

 inches long: bracts of the involucre linear, acute or acutish, rigid. — Torr. & Gray, I.e. 

 Athanasia trinervia, Walt. 1. c. Persoonia latifolia, Michx. 1. c, t. 43. Trattenickia latifolia, 

 Pers. 1. c. Marshallia Schrfberi, Tratt. Arch. Gen. i. 108. — Moist soil, Virginia to Missis- 

 sippi, along the middle country. 



120. GALINSOGA, Ruiz & Pav. (31. Galinsoga, a Spanish physician 

 and botanist.)^ Annuals of Tropical America, the common species now widely 

 disseminated. 



G. parviflora, Cav. A foot or two high, loosely branching, slender, somewhat pubescent: 

 leaves thin, ovate, acute, serrate, 3-nerved from near the base, petioled : heads 2 lines long, 

 slender-peduncled from the summit of the branches, somewhat paniculate : rays whitish, 

 barely exserted : disk-flowers yellow : pa})pus usually of 8 to 16 short palete. — Ic. iii. 41 , t. 281 ; 

 DC. Prodr. v. 677 ; Gray, Man. 264 ; Reichenb Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 983. — Qpeu or waste grounds. 



