396 COMPOSITE. Cacalia. 



1. c. — Damp woods, Georgia and W. Florida to Louisiana. It is impossible to determine 

 whether this or the next is Walter's C. ovala. 



C. tuberosa, Xutt. Green, not glaucous : stem 2 to 5 feet high from " a napiform root " 

 or stock, striate-augled : leaves tliickish, from oval to oblong-lauceolate, entire or denticu- 

 late, or rarely repaud-dentate, conspicuously 5-7-nerved from base, and the nerves parallel 

 and continued to the apex ; radical plautagineous, 3 to 8 inches long, contracted or tapering 

 at base into (sometimes foot long) petioles; lower cauline similar, upper comparatively few 

 and small. — Gen. ii. 138; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 436. V. paniculata & C. pteranthes, Eaf. 

 Ann. Nat. 1820, 14. C. ocata, Walt. Car. 19G? from char., not Ell. — Wet prairies, &c., 

 W. Canada and Wisconsin to Alabama. 



C. lanceolata, Nutt. Somewhat glaucous : stem terete, 2 or 3 feet high, slender : leaves 

 all lanceolate and lightly 3-5-nerved, or even linear and 1-3-nerved, tliickish, entire, some- 

 times 2 or 3 laciuiate teeth or small lobes : heads and cymes of the preceding or fewer. — 

 Gen. 1. c. ; Ell. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, I.e. C. hastata? Walt. 1. c. 195 ? — Wet pine barrens, 

 &c., S. Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. 



* * * Leaves decomp"ound: stem and branches slightly pubescent : corolla divided down to the 

 proper tube into linear lobes somewhat exceeding it in length. 



C. decomposita, Gray. Stem .slender, 3 feet high, floccose-woolly at base, naked and 

 panicuhxtely branched above, bearing numerous small (4 or 5 lines high) heads in open 

 corymbiforni cymes : leaves large (radical 2 feet high including tlie petiole), 3 or 4 times 

 pinnately divided into linear chiefly entire lobes, the primary and secondary divisions more 

 commonly alternate: involucre about half the length of the (5 or G) flowers. — PI. Wright. 

 ii. 99. Senecio Gniijanus, Hemsl. Biol. Centr.-Am. Bot. ii. 241. — Mountains of S. Arizona, 

 \Vri(jht, Lemmon. 



194. ERECHTITES, Raf. Fireweed. (Name of a Groundsel by Dios- 

 coritles.) — Coarse and homely annuals (Eastern American, and some in New 

 Zealand and Australia) ; with rank smell, alternate leaves, and cymosely or panic- 

 uhxtely disposed lieads of whitish or dull yellow flowers. — DC. Prodr. vi. 294; 

 Benth. & Hook. Fl. ii. 443. Neoceis, Cass. 



E. hieracifolia, Raf. Glabrous or with some hir.sute pubescence: stem commonly stout, 

 1 to 6 feet liigh, sulcate, leafy to top : leaves of tender texture, lanceolate or broader, sessile, 

 acute, acutely dentate, or some incised or pinnatifid, upper commonly with auriculate partly 

 clasping base : heads half-inch high, cylindraceous, rather flesiiy, setaceously bracteolate : 

 pappus white. — DC. Prodr. 1. c ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 434. E. [hieracifolia,) pnvalta, elon- 

 gata, &c., Raf. Fl. Ludov. & in DC. Senecio hieraci/olius, L. Spec. ii. 866. Cineraria 

 Canadensis, Walt. Car. 207 'i — Moist woods and copses, a common weed in enriched soil, and 

 especially where woods have been recently burned away (fl. late summer), Newfoundland and 

 Canada to Louisiana. (Extends to S. Amer.) 



Tribe IX. CYNAROIDE^, p. 81. 



195. SAUSStTREA, DC. (Theodore, and his father Horace Benedict 

 Saussiire, eminent Genevese naturalists.) — Perennials of the northern temper- 

 ate and arctic zones ; with middle-sized heads of purple or violet-blue flowers. — 

 Ann. Mus. Par. xvi. t. 10-13, & Prodr. vi. 532; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 471. 

 — Ours all have the distinct and deciduous outer pappus of true Saussurea : 

 fl. late summer. 



S. alpina, DC. 1. c. Low, 2 to 12 inches high, with few cymose-glomerate heads, loosely 

 arachnoid-tomeutose and glabrate : leaves from narrowly to oblong-lanceolate or even 

 broader, all narrowed at base, denticulate, sometimes entire: bracts of the involucre char- 

 taceo-memlirauaceous, acutish or acute, outer shorter : usually some setose chaff of the 

 receptacle among the flowers. — Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 452; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 816, 



