Cnicus. COMPOSITJE. 399 



dilated or margined mostly lacerate-fimbriate tips: corollas pale yellow; the lobes longer 

 than the throat: pappus of fine soft bristles, none of them obviously clavellate. — Proc. Am. 

 Acad. X. 47 ; Rothrock in Wheeler Rep. vi. 180, — Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Utah, 

 at about 8,000 feet ; first coll. by Parrj. Appears to hybridize with C. eriocephalus, &c. 

 C. remotifolius, Gray, 1. c. Loosely arachnoid-woolly when young, 3 to 8 feet high : 

 leaves from sinuately to deeply pinnatifid, more or less whitened by the loose tomentum be- 

 neath even in age : heads (incli and a half iiigh) pedunculate, scattered, naked or nearly so 

 at base : involucre lightly arachnoid and glabrate ; the bracts attenuate, the outer into a 

 weak small prickle ; the inner or some of them with a scarious (from broadly subulate to 

 ovate-lanceolate) entire or sparingly lacerate tip : corolla ochroleucous, its lobes much 

 shorter than the throat : pappus of coarser bristles, the strongest with conspicuously clavel- 

 late tips. — CarduHs remotifolius, Hook. Fl. i. 302. Cirsium remotifolium, DC. ; Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. ii. 460. C. stenolepidinn, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 419. — Along streams, Colum- 

 bia River, from the Yakima district, Washington Terr., to the coast, and to Mendocino 

 Co., California. Here no. 559 Kellogg & Harford (not " Hall & Harbour"), doubtfully re- 

 ferred to C. Americamis in Bot. Calif, i. 421, a form most approacliiug the latter species. 



-J— H— None of the involucral bracts with fimbriate or scarious-dilated tips, or obscurely so in the 

 first species. 



•H- Proper bracts nearh^ all tipped with a slender acicular prickle, also somewhat viscidly long- 

 woolly: leaves narrow, well armed with prickles: stem a foot or two high, leafy: pappus- 

 bristles not clavellate-tipped. Rocky-Mountain species. 



C. Hookerianus, Gray, 1. c. Arachnoid white-woolly, hardly glabrate, stout : leaves pin- 

 natifid ; the short lobes rather distant, sparsely prickly ; base little or not at all decurrent : 

 heads few and sessile in a terminal cluster, or scattered, inch and a half high, somewhat 

 bracteose-leafy at base : proper bracts tapering from a broadish base into a rather rigid 

 subulate prickly point: corollas white or whitish. — Carduus discolor, yav. fl. albis. Hook. Fl. 

 i. 302. Cirsium Hookerianum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 418. — Upper wooded and 

 subalpine region of the Rocky Mountains, north of lat. 48°, Douglas, Boiirgemi, &c. 



C. eriocephalus, Gray, 1. c. Loosely arachnoid-woolly and partly glabrate, very leafy: 

 leaves piuuatifitl into very numerous and crowded and numerously prickly short lobes, the 

 base decurrent on the stem into prickly wings : heads (inch long) several, sessile, and 

 crowded in a leaf-subtended at first nodding glomerule ; the subtending leaves and the in- 

 volucral bracts densely long-woolly (or the inmost bracts glabrous), all very slender-prickly: 

 corollas light yellow or yellowish. — Cirsium eriocephalum. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 

 69; Eaton, Bot. King Exp. 196, excl. var. — Alpine region of the Rocky Mountains, at the 

 head of Clear Creek and its tributaries ; first coll. by Parry. 



-H- ++ Proper bracts of the involucre tapering into an almost innocuous weak and short prickle or 

 soft point: leaves green both sides, glabrate, mostly membranaceous, not decurrent on the 

 stem, except the lower of the last species. Pacific species, with middle-sized or small heads. 



C. edulis, Gray, 1. c. Stem robust and somewhat succulent, 3 to 6 feet high, pubescent, 

 leafy to the top : leaves oblong or narrower, from slightly to deeply sinuate-pinnatifid, weakly 

 prickly-ciliate : heads (the larger inch and a half high) scattered or few in a cluster, usually 

 bracteose-leafy at base : involucre conspicuously arachnoid-woolly when young, partly gla- 

 brate in age : corollas dull purple or whitish ; the lobes much shorter than throat, filiform in 

 the dried state and capitellate-callous at apex ! — Bot. Calif, i. 420. Cirsium edule, Nutt. 

 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Low grounds, British Columbia to W. California. 



C. Hallii, Gray. Glabrate and green : stem slender, 2 or 3 feet high, moderately leafy : 

 leaves pinnatifid, the lobes and teeth rather strongly prickly : heads solitary and pedunculate, 

 or 2 or 3 in a small terminal cluster (inch or more high), more or less bi"acteose-leafy at 

 base : involucre sparingly arachnoid when young, soon glabrate, the attenuate tips of all but 

 the outermost innocuous : corollas rose-purple, varying to white ; the lobes linear, plane, 

 obtuse. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 56. — Oregon, Hall (310, was referred to C. edulis), to S. 

 California (San Bernardino Co., Lemmon, &c.) and S. Utah, Mrs. Thompson. 



C. Kamtschaticus, Maxim. Glabrate and green, leafy up to the naked and short-pedun- 

 culate (inch high) heads: leaves oblong-ovate or oval, from barely dentate to incisely pin- 

 natifid, 6 to 10 inches long, weakly prickly ; lower decurrent on the stem into narrow prickly 

 wings : involucral bracts all attenuate-subulate from a narrow base, arachnoid-pubescent 



