400 COMPOSITE. Cnicus. 



when young or glabrate : coroUa-lobes narrowly linear, apiculate : larger pappus bristles 

 clavellate. — Mel. Biol. ix. 310. Cirsiurii Kuiutsrhuticum, Letleb. in DC. Prudr. vi. 644, & 

 n. Ross. ii. 730. — Atkha, one of the Aleutian Islands, Lieut. Turner. Said to be " 7 feet 

 high " : corollas whitish : anther-tips slender, as in pi. Kamts., and longer than in var.? 

 Graijanus, Maxim., of Japan. ( Kamtschatka to Japan.) 



++ ^H- ^-+ Proper bracts of the involucre not at all prickly, but the large (2 inches high) heads 

 couspicuoush' and numerously bracteose-leafy at base. Atlantic species. 



C. horridulus, Pursh. Arachnoid when young, glabrate with age, 1 to 3 feet high, the 

 larger plants l^ranching and bearing several heads : leaves elongated-lanceolate, not decur- 

 rent, pinnatifiil, strongly prickly: head about 2 inches high, surrounded by a whorl of 8 to 

 30 linear or lauceolate numerously and strongly prickly leaves, which usually erpial in length 

 the involucre of gradually attenuate weak-pointed minutely scabrous bracts : flowers pale 

 yellow, rarely purple (var. Ellioilti, Torr. & Gray). — Fl. ii. 507; Ell. Sk. ii. 272; Gray, 

 Proc. Am. Acad. x. 40. C spinosissimus, Darlingt. Fl. Ce.st. ed. 2, 438. Cirsium horridulum, 

 Michx. Fl. ii. 90; DC. Prodr. vi. 651. C. megacanthum, Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 

 421, large form. Carduus spinosissimus, Walt. Car. C. horridulus, Pers. Syn. ii. 390. — 

 Sandy or gravelly soil. New England, near the coast, to Florida and Texas. 



* * * Bracts of the involucre moderately unequal or the lower not rarely about equalling the 

 upper, more rigid and imbricated at base, but most of them with more or less herbaceous spi- 

 nescen'.-tipped spreading upper portion, and no glandular dorsal ridge. Kocky Mountain and 

 Pacific species. 



4— Heads (only inch high) few or several and sessile in a terminal cluster: stem leafy to the top. 

 G. Eatoni, Gk.vy. a foot or so high, mostly simple, loosely arachnoid-woolly or glabrate: 

 leaves pinnatifid or pinuately parted into short lobes, mostly very prickly, either green and 

 glabrate or remaining whitish-woolly beneath : involucre rather narrow, from arachnoid- 

 ciliate to glabrate or apparently glabrous ; its principal bracts erect, with broadish ajjpressed. 

 base, abruptly attenuate iuto the subulate-acerose slightly herbaceous spinescent portion, 

 outermost little shorter than the inner : corolla whitish, its lobes considerably shorter than 

 the throat. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 56. Cirsium eriocephalum, var. iewcephalum, C. folioium, 

 & C. Drummondi in part, Eaton in Bot. King Exp. 195, 196. — Mountaius of Utah (Uintah 

 and Wahsatch) and of Colorado, from 8,000 to 11,000 feet, also in Humboldt Mountains, 

 Nevada, Watson, Jones, Uii/l & Harbour, &c. 



^— 4— Heads solitary terminating the stem or branches (involucre usually long-woollj' when j-oung, 

 but sometimes glabrate), liemispherical, 



-H- Middle-sized: flowers white or pale purple: anther-tips deltoid. 



C. Andrewsii, Guay. Probably tall, branching ; the loose wool deciduous except from the 

 heads : stem .strongly striate : upper leaves laciniate-piunatifid and with narrowly lanceolate 

 prickly lobes : bracts of the involucre with coriaceous oblong-ovate base, greenish at short 

 upper part, where it is abruptly contracted into an aristiform spinescent appendage ■ corollas 

 apparently whitish; the lobes fully twice the length of the throat. — Proc. Am. Acad. x. 45, 

 & Bot. Calif, i. 420. — W. California, Andrews, station unknown. 



C. Calif ornicus, Gray, 1. c. Tall and branching, with white wool more or less deciduous : 

 leaves frcjui sinuately to deeply pinnatifid, moderately prickly : principal bracts of the invo- 

 lucre with somewhat foliaceous and subulate spinescent summit, sometimes very conspicuous, 

 sometimes smaller and attenuate more directly into the prickle : corollas cream-color, white, 

 or rarely purple; lobes shoi-ter than the throat. — Cirsium C«/(/brniCi<w, Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. 

 iv. 112. — California, from the Stanislaus (where first coll. by Bigeloic) to San Diego and 

 San Bernardino and adjacent Arizona. A variety of forms here assembled, some with 

 larger heads and more leafy -bracted involucre passing to the next. 



++ ++ Large heads, the larger fully 2 inches high and broad : slender corolla-lobes considerably 

 longer than the throat: herbage and commonly squarrose involucre copiously white-woolly, 

 sometimes glabrate in age: anther-tips narrow and acummate. 



C. Neo-Mexicanus, Gray, 1. c. Stout, 2 to 4 feet high : spinescent rigid tips to the 

 principal involucral bi'acts half to nearly full inch long : corollas from white to pale purple : 

 node on the style generally manifest and ol)scurely bearded : otherwise as the next, into 

 which it .seems to pass. — Cirsium Neo-Mexicunum, Gray, PI. Wright, ii. 101. C. canescens, 



