Hieracium. COMPOSITJE. 425 



* * Stem leafv to the top (a foot to a yard higli), bearing short-pediincnlate broad heads : invo- 

 hicre lialf-inch high, or sometimes smaller: no stolons or running rootstocks: no cluster of 

 leaves at base of the developed stems; cauline leaves all closely sessile : receptacle conspicuously 

 fimbrillate-dentate : ligules not ciliate. 



H. umbellatum, L. A foot or two high, strict, bearing a few somewhat umbellatcly dis- 

 posed heads : leaves narrowly or sometimes broadly lanceolate, nearly entire, sparsely den- 

 ticulate, occasionally laciniate-dentate, all narrow at base : involucre usually livid, glabrous 

 or nearly so; outernu)st bracts loose or spreading. — Fl. Dan. t. 680; Fl. Lond. vi. t. 58; 

 Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. ed. 2, 29 ? in part ; Fries, 1. c. IJ. Canudense, var. aiu/usti- 

 folium, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 476, in part. H. macranthum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 

 446. H. ri(jl(him? Fries in Ejjicr. 1.34. — N. shore of Lake Superior to the Kocky Moun- 

 tains, and northward. (Kamtschatka, N. Asia, Eu. ) 



H. Canadense, Micnx. Taller, robust, with corymbosely or paniculately cymose heads : 

 leaves from lanceolate to ovate-oblong, acute, sparsely and acutely dentate or even laciniate, 

 at least the upper partly clasping and broad or broadish at base : involucre usually pubes- 

 cent when young, glalirate, occasionally glandular; the narrow outermost bracts loose : pap- 

 pus sordid. — Fl. ii. 86; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. H. virgatum, fasciculatum, & macrojjhi/llnm, 

 Pursh, Fl. ii. 504. H. Knlmii, Spreng. Syst. iil 646 ; Bigel. Fl. Post. ; Torr. Compend., &c., 

 not L. H. scabn'usrnlum, Schwein. App. Long Exp. //. prenanthoides, Hook. Fl. i. 300, not 

 Vill. H. heJianthifoUum, Fruelich in DC. 1. c. 225. //. cori/mhosum, Fries, Symb. Hier. 185, 

 as to pi. Newfoundl. 1 also //. anratum, Fries, 1 c. 181, & Epicr. 124; these being thin-leaved 

 forms of shady places. — Open woods in dry soil, Newfoundland ? and New England to Peun., 

 north to the Mackenzie River, west to Oregon and Brit. Columbia, northwardly passing into 

 H. umhellatum. (Greenland, N. Eu., if also H. crocaium. Fries.) 



§ 3. Stenotheca, Torr. «fe Gray, 1. c. Involucre a series of equal bracts 

 and a few short calyculate ones, usually narrow and few-many-flowered : pappus 

 of more or less scanty equal bristles : akenes in a few species slender or tapering 

 to the summit. (Name therefoi-e more apjilicable to the involucre than to the 

 akenes.) — Fries, 1. c. Stenotheca, Monnier, Ess. Ilierac. 71, there restricted to 

 species with attenuate akenes. Species of Pilosella, Schultz Bip. in Flora, 18G2, 

 433-440. 



* Atlantic species, all yellow-flowered and with sordid pappus. 

 -I— Akenes columnar, at maturity not at all attenuate upward: panicle not virgate. 



++ He ids 15-20-fl6wered, narrow, effusely paniculate, on divergent or divaricate slender pedicels: 

 stem leafy, sometimes almost leafless in depauperate plants. 

 H. paniculatum, L. Slender, l to 3 feet high, usually leafy up to the sparse compound 

 panicle, nearly smooth and glabrous (except some villosity at base of stem), not glandular: 

 leaves thin, lanceolate or bnjadcr, tapering to both ends, sparingly denticulate or salient- 

 dentate : peduncles and pedicels filiform, an inch or more long : involucre 3 or 4 lines long, 

 of 8 to 14 narrow principal bracts. — Spec. ii. 802; Michx. Fl. ii. 86; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 

 478. — Open dry woods, Canada and New England to upper parts of Georgia and Alabama. 

 H. venosum, var. caulescens, Arvet-Touvet, and //. Sullicantii, Arvet-Touvet, Spicil. Hier. 

 (1881), 11, are seemingly depauperate forms of this. 



++ ++ Heads 15-40-flowered, narrow-campanulate or oblong, on erect or ascending slender pedi- 

 cels, in a naked and very loose corj'mbiform-paniculate cyme. 

 H. venosum, L. (Rattlesxake-weed.) Slender: stem leafless from a depressed radical 

 rosette, or 1-2-leaved above it, a foot or two high, glabrous or nearly so, branching above 

 into a lax corymbiform cyme of few or several heads : leaves obovate to spatulate-oblong, 

 mostly denticulate, subsessile, commonly purple-veined and sparsely setose-villous : involucre 

 4 lines long, 15-35-flowered (or even only 12-flowered), of 10 to 14 princi])al bracts and very 

 few bractlets, either glabrous or with the peduncles beset with some small glandular hairs: 

 akenes short, strictly columnar, even when young. — Spec. ii. 800 (founded on the syn., but 

 the "scapo crassissimo" of Gronovius unaccountable) ; Willd. Spec. iii. 1570; Torr. & Gray, 

 1. c. ; Fries, 1. c. H. Gronorii, L. 1. c. 802, as to herb. & descr. (but not the Gronovian plant) ; 

 Willd. 1. c. ; Michx. 1. c, in part, the var. subcaulescens, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. //. suhmidum, 



