Laduca. COMPOSITE. 441 



* Scapose, monocephalous, perennial by roundish tubers. 

 P. scaposus, T)C 1. c. Ilirsutulous-pubescent, low and simple : globular tuber (three- 

 fourths inch in diameter) sending up a slender caudex, bearing at the surface of the ground 

 a cluster of piunatifid leaves and scapes of a span or two high : the latter simple and naked, 

 sometimes a bract or small leaf near tJie base : head seldom an inch high in fruit : calyculate 

 bracts of involucre short and small, subulate ; principal ones ol>scurely corniculate at tip ; 

 flowers citron-3'ellow : pappus fulvous. — P. (jrandijiorus, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. I.e. 

 430; Terr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Engelm. & Gray, PI. Lindh. i. 42. Burkhausiu (jrnndl flora, Nutt. 

 Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. ^9. — Prairies of Arkansas and Kansas; first coll. by Pitcher. 

 Texas ; first coll. by Bcrlandicr. 



* * More or less leaf3'-stemmed and branching: heads moderately long-pedunculate, 

 -i— Leaves diversely pinnatifid, laciniate, sinuate-dentate, or some upper ones entire. 



P. Carolinianus, DC. Annual or biennial, freely branching, 2 to 5 feet high, nearly 

 glabrous, but peduncles and involucre mostly cinereous-puberuient : upper leaves when undi- 

 vided usually elongated lanceolate and gradually attenuate to the tip : flowers very bright 

 yellow : fruiting heads fully inch high : calyculate bracts setaceous-subulate, loose, half or 

 a third the length of the principal ones ; these conspicuously corniculate at the apex : 

 pappus rufous. — Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c, with var. maximus. 

 P. mnlticauh's, Curtiss, Distrib. N. Am. PI. 1623, not DC. Leonlodon Carol inianum, Walt. 

 Car. 192. Scorzonera pinnat[fida, Michx. Fl. ii. 89. Chondrilla lierir/ata, Pursli, Fl. ii. 497. 

 Barlhniisia Caroliniana, Nutt. Geu. ii. 126; Ell. Sk. ii. 2.51. — Dry ground, Maryland to 

 Florida, Arkansas, and Texas. 



P. multicaulis, DC. 1. c. A foot or two high from a thickened apparently perennial root 

 (but flowering first season), less leafy, at length many-stemmed from base and diffuse or 

 ascending : leaves seldom large : head in fruit two-thirds to three-fourths inch high : calycu- 

 late bracts of involucre short and subulate : pappus rufous or fulvous. — Texas (first coll. by 

 Derlandier), New ISIexico (Newherri/, Greene, Uiisbi/), and Arizona (Lemmon), the latter a 

 dwarf and very narrow-leaved form. (Mex., where P. pauciflorus and even P. Sesseanus 

 are probably forms of it.) 



H— -i— Leaves all undivided, narrow: stems junciform. 



P. Rothrockii, Gray. Glabrous, or involucre obscurely puberulent : stems 1 to 3 feet 

 high, s:lender, erect from a thickened perennial root : leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear, 

 entire or merely denticulate (3 to 9 inches long, 1^ to 4 lines wide) ; radical ones spatulate- 

 lauceolate : calyculate bracts of involucre short and subulate : head in fruit only two-thirds 

 inch liigli: pappus sordid-whitish. — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 80; Rothrock in Wheeler Rep. vi. 

 181, t. 14. — Mountains of S. Arizona, llothrock, Lemmon. 



233. CHONDRfLLiA, L. (Name by Dioscorides, of unexplained mean- 

 ing, for some gummiferous plant.) — Old World herbs, perennials or biennials ; 

 with virgate or rnsh-like stems and branches, leafy below, and small heads of 

 yellow flowers ; one species introduced. 



C. JUXCEA, L. Hirsute towards the base, 1 to 3 feet high, glabrous above : lower leaves runci- 

 nate ; upper linear and entire, those on the long slender branches reduced to linear-subulate 

 bracts : heads scattered or in small clusters and nearly sessile along the branches : akenes 

 somewhat clavate, bearing a circle of scales at base of the filiform Ijeak. — Old fields and 

 banks, S. Maryland and N. Virginia, common about Washington. (Nat. from Eu.) 



234. LiACTtJCA, Tourn. Lkttt-ce. (Ancient Latin name, from lac, 

 milk, referring to the milky juice.) — Mostly tall herbs (of the northern hemi- 

 sphere) ; with leafy stems, and paniculate middle-sized or small heads of yellow, 

 blue, or sometimes whitish flowers, in summer. Involucre in ours glabrous and 

 smooth. — Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 524, excl. § 5, 6. Lactuca «fc Mulgeduan, 

 Cass., DC, &c. 



