442 COMPOSIT^E. Lactuca. 



§ 1. ScARi'oLA, DC. Akenes very flat, orbicular to oblong, abruptly produced 



into a filiform beak of softer texture, which bears the soft white pappus on its 



dilated apex : involucre cylindraceous or in fruit conoidal, glabrous : ours biennials 



or sometimes annuals. 



* Introduced : heads 6-12-flowered : akenes several-nerved, margined. 



L. ScAiifoLA, L. Strict, 2 to 6 feet high, glaucous-green, glabrous except lower part of stem, 

 wliich has stiff bristles : leaves becoming vertical by a twist, lanceolate to oblong, with spinu- 

 lose-denticulate mai'gins, sometimes sinuate-toothed, sometimes pinnatifid ; midrib beneath 

 beset with weak prickles rather than bristles; base sagittate-clasping : panicle open: heads 

 small : flowers pale yellow : beak about the length of the obovate-oblong striate-nerved 

 akene. — "Waste ground, becoming common in Atlantic States near towns and habitations. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



* * Indigenous : heads 12-20-flowered : akenes blackish, obscurely scabrous-rugulose, lightly one- 

 nerved on the middle of each face, sometimes with obscure nerves toward the distinct thin mar- 

 gins ; the beak a little shorter or longer than the body : most of the cauline leaves partly clasping 

 by a sagittate or auriculate base. 

 ■i— Involucre irregularly calyculate, but little imbricated, hardly over half-inch long. Species seem- 

 ingly confluent. 



L. Canadensis, L. (Fire-weed, Wild Lettuce, Trumpet-weed.) Glabrous, glau- 

 cescent : stem strict, 4 to 9 feet high, very leafy up to the elongated narrow panicle : leaves 

 mostly sinuate-pinnatifid, 6 to 12 inches long, with margins entire or sparingly dentate, and 

 midrib naked or rarely some sparse bristles : involucre half-inch or less high : flowers pale 

 yellow: akenes broadly oval, rather longer than the beak. — Spec. ii. 796; Gray, Man. 280. 

 L. CaroUniaiia, Walt. Car. 193? L. longifolia, Michx. Fl. ii. 85. L. eloncjata, Muhl. in 

 Willd. Spec. iii. 1.523 ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 252 ; Hook. Fl. i. 296 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c, var. lomjifolia. 

 Galuthenium elongatum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 443. Soncliits pallidus, Willd. Spec, 

 iii. 1521; Pursh, 1. c, founded wholly on char, of Ldcluca Canadensis, L. — Rich moist 

 grounds. Nova Scotia and Canada to Saskatchewan, south to the upper part of Georgia. 

 Specimens from a grain-field in Sierra Valley, California, probably introduced with grain. 



Li. integrifolia, Big el. Glabrous, less leafy, 3 or 4 feet high, loosely branched above, or 

 heads loosely paniculate : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate (larger 7 to 10 inches long, 

 H to 3 inches broad), whitish beneath, denticulate, sometimes quite entire, all undivided, 

 midrib naked: involucre barely half-inch long: flowers yellow or purplish-tinged: akenes 

 oval, longer than the beak. — Fl. Bost. ed. 2, 287; DC. 1. c. 137, not Nutt. L. sagittifolia, 

 Ell. Sk. ii. 253. L. eJongafa, var. integrifolia, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. L. Canadensis, xar. inte- 

 grifolia, Gray, Man. 1. c. Galathenium infegrifolinm and partly G. salici/olium, Nutt. 1. c — 

 ( )pen grounds, New England to Illinois and Georgia. 



L. hirsuta, Muhl, Stems 2 or 3 feet high, rather few-leaved, often reddish, the naked 

 summit paniculate-branched or bearing a loose panicle of heads, the base commonly hirsute : 

 leaves hirsute on both faces, or glabrous except the hirsute or hispid midrib, mostly runci- 

 nate-pinnatifid, with narrow rhacliis; cauline 3 or 4 inches long: involucre rather over half- 

 inch long : flowers yellow-purjile or dull red, or sometimes whitish : akenes oblong-oval, 

 about the length of the beak. — Cat. & in Nutt. Gen. ii. 124. L. sangiiinea, Bigel. Fl. Bost. 

 ed. 2, 287. L. elongata, var. sangiiinea & var. alhi flora, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. L. Canadensis, 

 Gray, Man. I.e. Galathenium sanguinenm, & G. Floridanum, Nutt. 1. c. — Dry and open 

 ground, E. Massachusetts to Louisiana and Texas. 



L. graminifolia, Michx. Perhaps perennial, glaucescent and glabrous, or* merely hispid 

 on the midrili beneath, or hirsute in the manner of the foregoing species: stem slender, 

 2 or 3 feet high, terminating in a naked loose panicle of comparatively large heads: leaves 

 elongated-linear or linear-lanceolate (4 to 12 inches long, 2 to 5 lines wide), rather rigid, 

 entire, or with spreading or deflexed lobes, or the radical spatulate-lanceolate and pinnatifid : 

 involucre 6 or 7 lines long, with outer bracts broader and more imbricated : flowers purple 

 or pale blue, varying to white or yellow: akenes elliptical-oblong, longer than the beak. — 

 Fl. ii. 85 ; Ell. Sk. ii. 253 ; DC. Prodr. vii. 134 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. L. elongata, var. grami- 

 nifolia, Chapm. Fl. 252. L. grauiinva, Spreng. Syst. iii. 659. Galathenium graminifolium 

 & G. salici/olium in part, Nutt. 1. c. — Dry and fertile soil, S. Carolina to Florida and Texas; 

 also New Mexico and Arizona. 



