156 SOUTH AFRICAN FLOWERING PLANTS. 



Sanic'ula. — ^S'. EuroFce'a has been introduced. It is 

 a common weed in woods in Europe, and has its 

 flowers in globular, simple umbels. 



A'pium. — A. grave' oleiis, the wild celery, is another 

 introduction from Europe. 



Petroseli'num. — P. sati'vum, or parsley, is naturalized 

 from Europe. 



-F. officina'lc (Fennel), well known by 

 its finely divided leaves and 

 strong scent, is naturalized 

 in various places in the 

 Colony. 



Pastna'ca. — P. sati'va is 

 the parsnip. 



Dau'cus. — D. Caro'ta is 

 the wild carrot (Eig. 65). 



These last two mentioned 

 are common wild flowers 

 in England, with slender, spindly roots. The large 

 garden roots were obtained by sowing the wild seed 

 in a rich soil, and then by selecting the seed, year after 

 year, from those plants which showed the largest roots. 

 In about five years a permanent " race " was established. 

 Thus the best parsnip in the English trade is known 

 as the " Student." It was raised by the Professor of 

 Botany at the Eoyal Agricultural College at Cirencester, 

 between 1847 and 1851. It was issued to the trade, 

 and has ever since been the best parsnip in England. 



Fig. 65.— I. Fruit of Carrot. II. Trans- 

 verse section of a mericarp. 



