i62 SOUTH AFRICAN FLOWERING PLANTS, 



whorl, and again just hdow it, so as to cut out a thin 

 slice carrying the whorl, and if it then be held up 

 to the light, a circle of woody cords will be noticed 

 surrounding the central pith. 



A cord passes out of this circle into each of the 

 two opposite leaves, but not so to the stipules. A 



Fig. 66. — Ga'lium (Cleavers). (For description, see text.) 



zone will be seen connecting the two leaves, outside 

 the circle of woody cords. Then, the cords which 

 enter the stipules, forming their middle lines, or 

 mid-ribs, arise from this so-called " stipular arc," or 

 zone. In all cases of stipulate, alternate leaves the 

 fibro-vascular cords entering stipules arise from the 

 outermost cords which enter the petiole of a leaf. 



