i68 SOUTH AFRICAN FLOWERING PLANTS. 



(Figs. 67, II., 69), or it may be stipitate, or "stalked " 

 (Figs. 70, 71). This means that the receptacular tube 

 which clothes the ovary below, grows beyond and above 

 it as the fruit ripens, and so elevates the pappus. It 

 then spreads out horizontally, and aids, like a parachute, 

 in conveying the fruit to a distance. 



Fig. 69.— Floret of Sow-thistle. 



Fio. 71. — Plumose 

 Fig. YO.— Pilose stalked sessile pappus of 

 pappus of Dandelion. Tragopo'gon. 



The method of securing pollination in the Composites 

 is peculiar. 



Of course the pollen is shed from the anther-cells 

 into the tube formed by them. Fig. 67, III. shows the 

 open anther-cells as seen from within. The "style- 

 arms" ai'e pressed together when inside the anther- 

 tube, and by the growth of the style they push up the 

 pollen, and by so doing bring it out at the top of the 

 anther-tube. Then the style-arms separate, and insects. 



