THE STRUCTURE OF FLOWERS. 53 



many separate carpels as minute seed-like fruit, called 



In many flowers, including the strawberry, the 

 floral receptacle expands liorizontally , as in Bliv>i (Fig. 

 8), forming a sort of dish, so that the sepals, petals, 

 and stamens are carried outwards to a little distance 

 away from the pistil, and so stand '' around the ovary ; " 

 the technical term for the petals and stamens (but not 

 for the calyx) is then 2yc)'ir/i/no2is} 



The space between the perigynous stamens and 

 pistil is occupied by a honey -secreting surface, forming 

 a little trough in the blackberry (Bit'bus). 



As this expansion of the floral receptacle often 

 takes the form of a cup or tube, as in the flower of 

 the peach (Fig. 9), rose, and Gliffor'tia (Fig. 5), it is 

 called the Bcce'ptamdar Tuhe, on the elevated rim of 

 which are the sepals, petals, and stamens. The single 

 carpel, in the case of the peach and plum, and the 

 many carpels of the rose, remain quite free at the 

 bottom of the cup. 



A still further advance is seen in an adhesion 

 between this tuhc and the ovari/ of the pistil within it. 



This occurs in apples, pears, loquats, in the 

 " florets " of the Comjwsitce, in Boel'la of Camjmnvlacecc, 

 etc. In these cases it will be noticed that the parts 



' If there is no such outgrowth, the petals and stamens arise from, 

 or are " inserted " upon, the receptacle, below the ovary, as in 

 Pelargo'nium. They are then said to be lujpogynoii^, that meaning 

 " under the ovary." 



