38 POPULAR FIELD BOTANY. 
tained in cases closed with a lid, called operculum, and 
covered by an extinguisher-shaped cap, called calyptra. 
The mouth of the case usually closed by teeth. 
4. Jungermanniacee.—A. distinct stem, covered with scale- 
hike leaves. Seed-cases without calyptra, or operculum, 
and splitting into four valves, within which are nume- 
rous spiral threads, with seeds, or what are supposed to 
answer the same purpose. 
A concise account of Aphylle will be found in the 
twelfth chapter. 
These descriptions are taken principally from Lindley’s 
“School Botany ”’—a valuable work to those who wish to 
study the Natural System of De Candolle. The technical 
terms have in most instances been rendered into English, 
to make the study in a degree more easy. 
