174 POPULAR FIELD BOTANY. 
like a candle. It is useful to the turner, and for imple- 
ments of husbandry. 
—— 
Monecia. MOoNADELPHIA. 
MONOCHLAMYDEX. CONIFERA. 
PINUS. (Fir.) 
Generic Character. Barren catkins, with the scales, each 
bearing two anthers. Fertile, with two ovaries. Cones with 
woody scales. 
Pinus sytvestris. Scotch Fir, only grows naturally 
in the Highlands of Scotland, and is so well known as a 
tree, in plantations in England, that it need not be particu- 
larly described. ‘The wood is useful for many purposes, and 
is called red or yellow deal. The bark is used in tanning. 
Tar, pitch, and turpentine are the produce of this tree. In 
the north of Europe the bark is sometimes ground and made 
into bread. When growing together in plantations, it be- 
comes a stiff tree without side branches, and it is then very 
valuable to the timber merchant for masts, spars, scaffold 
poles, &c.; but when standing alone, or nearly so, it is a 
very picturesque object, with its tall red and grey trunk of 
enormous size, and often graceful form, and its thick head 
