38 MenispermacecB. {Tinospora. 



reniform or hooked, curved round the projection of endocarp, 



embr}'0 with flat or narrow cotyledons, curved in axis of even 



or ruminate endosperm (rarely without endosperm). 



Carp. 3 or more. 

 Seed ovoid or reniform. 



Style-scar on ripe carp, sub-terminal. , ,1, TiNOSPORA. 

 Style-scar lateral or sub-basal. 



Stam. monadelphous. Pet. o . . .2. Anamirta. 

 Stam. in 2 rows, outer free. Pet. 3 . .3. CosciNlUM. 

 Seed horseshoe-shaped or hooked. 



Endosperm ruminate on ventral side . . 4. TiLIACORA. 

 Endosperm not ruminate. 



Anth. bursting vertically . . . .5. LiMACiA, 

 Anth. bursting transversely . . . .6. COCCULUS. 



Endosperm none 7. Pachygone. 



Carp, solitary. Stam. monadelphous. 

 Sep. of male fl. 6 distinct ; pet. distinct . . 8. Stephania. 

 Sep. of male fl. 4 distinct ; pet. connate . . 9. Cissampelos. 

 Sep. of male fl. 4, connate ; pet. connate . . 10. Cyci.ea. 



Almost entirely a tropical family. Of our 13 species 4 are confined 

 to the dry region and 7 to the moist region, of which 2 ascend into the 

 lower montane zone, whilst 2 occur m both regions. No species is 

 endemic here. 



The very small size of the flowers renders them difficult to examine. 



I. TINOSPORA, Miers. 



Extensive climbers ; fl. in axillary racemes or panicles ; 

 sep. 6, in 2 rows, inner much longer ; pet. 6, shorter than inner 

 sep. ; male fl. : — stam. 6, distinct, fil. thickened upwards ; fem. 

 fl. : — carp. 3, styles short, stigmas broad, staminodes 6, very 

 small ; ripe carp. 1-3, style-scar subterminal, endocarp thin, 

 with a deep depression on the ventral surface ; seed ovoid, 

 deeply hollowed on the ventral side, endosperm ruminate on 

 ventral side only, cotyledons flat, foliaceous, divaricate. — Sp. 

 about 8 ; 5 in Fl. B. I fid. 



Leaves larger, 4-5 in. long. 



Leaves tomentose beneath . . . . . i. T. malabaric.\. 



Leaves cjuite glabrous 2. T. crispa. 



Leaves smaller, I ^-2i in. long . . .3. T. C0RDIF0LI.\. 



I. T. malabarica, Micrs, Ann. Mag. A^at. His/., scr. 2, vii. 38 

 (1851). Bu-kinda, Walkinda, S. 



Hk. f and Th. Fl. Indica, 183. Trim, in Journ. Bot. 1885, 141. 

 C. P. 2804 (in part). 



Fl. B. Ind. i. 96 (not given for Ceylon). Rheede, Hort. Mai, vii. t. 19. 



Stems wide-climbing, \ in. diam., smooth and shining, with 

 white or reddish papery bark, more or less wortcd, intcrnodes 



