Viola.'] Violacece. 65 



^-f in., tomentose ; sep. rufous-tomentose outside ; pet. twice 

 as long, hairy ; stam. much longer than pet; gynophore i in.; 

 ov. ovoid, apiculate, with 4 placentas ; fruit subglobose, i^in. 

 diam., on a greatly thickened stalk, many-seeded. 



Dry low country, rather rare. Jaffna ; Anuradhapura ; Uma-oya ; 

 Hangurankette ; first collected by Koenig. Fl. March, April; Pet. 

 white, stamens crimson. 



Distributed through the Indian Peninsula, Malaya, and the Philippines. 



10. C. tener, Dais, in Ke-w Jourti. Bot. ii. 41 (1850), var. zey- 

 lanica, Hk. f. and Th., Fl. B. Ind. i. 179 (1872). 

 C. tetrasperma, Thw. Enum. 15. C. P. 614. 

 Fl. B. Ind. i. 179. 



A climbing shrub, with slender, glabrous branches ; 1. 

 ij-4in., oval, acuminate or slightly caudate, glabrous, petiole 

 very short, stipular spines small, hooked ; fl. small, \ in. diam., 

 supra-axillary, 1-3 in a vertical line, ped. \ in., slender ; sep. 

 deflexed, oval, tomentose at margins ; pet. a little longer than 

 sep., oblong, hairy outside ; stam. about 20, f in. ; gynophore 

 about \ in. ; ov. glabrous, with 2 placentas ; fruit globose, | in. 

 diam., usually 4-seeded. 



Low country, very rare. Matale ; Hangurankette. Specimens from 

 Moon, 'Feb. 1S19,' in Mus. Brit. (C. glabella, Br. MS.). Fl. May, June. 



Also in South-western India, E. Bengal, and Burma. 



X.— VIOLACE^. 



Herbs, shrubs, or trees; 1. simple, alternate, with stip.; fl. 

 regular or irregular, bisexual ; sep. 5, distinct, imbricate, 

 persistent ; pet. 5, distinct, equal or unequal, imbricate or 

 contorted ; stam. 5, anth. distinct or connate ; disk annular 

 or none ; ov. i -celled, with few or numerous ovules inserted 

 on 3 parietal placentas ; fruit a 3-valved capsule ; seeds few, 

 embryo straight, in fleshy endosperm. 



Herbs. 

 Sep. produced at base, anth. connate . . .1. Viola. 

 Sep. not produced at base, anth. distinct . . .2. Ionidium. 



Shrubs or trees 3- Alsodeia. 



All the three species of Viola and one of Alsodeia are montane ; 

 Ionidium and the other two species oi Alsodeia are low-country plants. 



I. VIOXiA, L. 



Herbs; fl. solitary; sep. 5, with a backward projection at 

 the base ; pet. 5, the lowest larger, and produced into a spur 



F 



