146 LXIII. UMBELLIFER®. 
into 2 parts but 2-locular, with 1 cell abortive. Seed 1, 
roundish, convex on one side, furrowed on the other.— F1. Cap. 
i. p. 564. 
Perennial, stemless plants, with rosulate, ciliate leaves, close-pressed to the 
ground. Male umbels compound, pedunculate, sterile ; umbellules nearly 
globose; involucre of 5-7 leaves. Female umbels sessile, fertile, girt by 4 
or 5 concrete involucral leaves ; these are rigid, netted-vemed and spinous- 
toothed, enlarging as the fruit ripens. Petals white.—3 species, dispersed. 
34. HERMAS, Linn. 
Calyx-margin 5-parted, leafy, persistent. Petals oval-oblong, 
acute, keeled, entire, equal. Fruit ovate; carpels somewhat 
inflated, dorsally compressed, 5-ridged, 1 dorsal exserted, 2 
intermediate larger, and the 2 lateral very small; furrows 
broad, with many vitte; carpophore undivided. Seed not 
adnate to the pericarp, elliptic, subconcave within.—F7. Cap. 
i. p. 567 ; Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 1001. 
Herbs or undershrubs, with simple, subdentate leaves, and compound, 
many-rayed, globose umbels. Involucre many-leaved : involucel 3-leaved. 
Leaves thickly-woolly on one or both sides. The wool of H. gigantea 
(Tundelboom) is used for tinder.—5 species, dispersed. 
35. CONIUM, Linn. 
Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals obcordate, submarginate, 
with a short, inflexed point. Fruit ovate, laterally compressed ; 
carpels with 5 prominent, equal, subundulated or crenulated 
ribs; lateral ones marginal; furrows with many strie, but 
without vitte; carpophore 2-fid at the apex. Seed with a 
deep, narrow furrow, as if it were longitudinally folded.—#l. 
Cap. ii. p. 567. 
C. cherophylloides, E. and Z., our only species, grows in the Eastern 
district and beyond the Eastern frontier. Stem scabrid; leaves 3—4-pimnate, 
glabrous; fruit with very prominent, subundulate, but not crenulate wings. 
—The type of this genus is the well-known poison Hemlock (C. maculatum), 
a common European weed. 
Orper LXIV. ARALIACES, 
Flowers nearly as in Umbellifere. Ovary inferior, with 2 
or more cells; ovules solitary, pendulous; styles or sessile 
stigmas as many as the cells of the ovary. Fruit fleshy, or 
nearly dry, 2-many-celled, crowned by the persistent calyx- 
limb ; endocarp crustaceous or bony. Albumen copious, horny. 
Embryo minute.—Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, chiefly tropi- 
cal. Leaves alternate, simple or compound, digitate, pedate 
or pinnate. 
Fruit roundish, top-shaped, crowned with a large disk . . 1. Cussonta. 
Fruit laterally compressed, oblong. . . . . . . . . 2 PaAnax. 
