LXVII. RUBIACER. 157 
Herbs or undershrubs, several yielding the red dye called “ madder” from 
their roots. Leaves 4-10 in a whorl. Flowers small, greenish-white or 
pale yellow.—3 species, none endemic, in the Eastern districts. 
25. GALIUM, Scop. 
Calyx-tube ovate-globose or oblong; limb obsolete. Co- 
rolla 4-parted, rotate. Stamensshort. Styles 2, with capitate 
stigmas. Fruit didymous, roundish, dry, separating into 2 
1-seeded carpels.— FV. Cap. ii. p. 35. 
Branching, erect or procumbent, weak herbs. Leaves 4 or many in a 
whorl. Flowers small, white yellow or greenish.—14 Cape species, dis- 
persed. 
—_—— 
Orpver LXVIII. VALERIANEA. Xu 
Flowers ntostly bisexual. Calyx-tube adnate; limb 3—4- 
toothed, often enlarged after flowering. Corolla epigynous, 
tubular, subequally 3-5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Stamens 
1-5, in the tube, separate. Ovary inferior, 1-3-celled ; ovules 
solitary, pendulous; style filiform. Fruit dry, crowned with 
the calyx-limb, l-seeded. Seed pendulous, without albumen.— 
Herbs, with opposite, often cut leaves, without stipules. 
Flowers in cymes or fascicles, or solitary in the forks. 
Calyx unequally toothed, crowning the fruit, un- 
Reber eM ate i ee A 1. VALERIANELLA. 
Calyx inrolled in flower, opening in fruit into a fea- 
DMERYREAD US!) he, co) see os (we a DONE of 29 WALERTANAL 
1. VALERIANELLA, Poll. 
Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla regular, 5-lobed. Stamens 3. 
Stigma undivided or 3-fid. Fruit 3-celled, rather membra- 
nous, 2 of the cells only fertile—#7. Cap. ui. p. 40. 
Forking annuals, with oblong or linear, entire or toothed leaves. Flowers 
solitary in the forks or corymbose, minute.—/’. eriocarpa, introduced from 
Europe, occurs near Grootvadersbosch. 
2. VALERIANA, Linn. 
Calyx-limb involute at the time of flowering (resembling a 
thickened rim), but at length unfolding into a deciduous pap- 
pus, composed of many plumose bristles. Corolla 5-lobed, 
gibbous at base. Stamens 3. Fruit 1-celled and 1-seeded at 
maturity.— Fl. Cap. iu. p. 40. 
Herbs or half-shrubs.— V. Capensis, our only species, has imparipinnate- 
parted leaves; the leaflets opposite or alternate, ovate, acute, toothed ; 
cymes panicled, pinkish. It grows in various parts of the country. 
