158 
Orper LXIX. DIPSACEZA. 
Flowers complete, crowded in heads on a common recep- 
tacle, surrounded by a general involucre, each flower also 
seated in a cup-like, dry, persistent involucel. Calyx adnate. 
Corolla epigynous, tubular; limb oblique, 4—5-lobed, imbricate 
in bud. Stamens 4, in the tube, alternate with the lobes, ex- 
serted, separate. Ovary inferior, 1-celled; ovule solitary, 
pendulous ; style filiform ; stigma simple. Fruita dry utricle, 
crowned by the calyx-limb, and enclosed in the cup-like inyo- 
lucel. Seed pendulous, albuminous.—Herbs or undershrubs, 
with opposite or whorled, often pinnatisect or lyrate, exstipu- 
late leaves. 
Involucral scales imbricate in several rows. Calyx cup- 
likeor discoid” . 0. ew ee ee tw 
Involucral scales sub-2-seriate. Calyx-limb crowned 
with 5 bristles . 2. SCABIOSA. 
1. CEPHALARIA, Schrad. 
Involucre of many imbricated leaves, shorter than the paleze 
of the receptacle. Involucel 4-angled, 8-furrowed, with a 
4—8-toothed crown. Calyx-limb cup-shaped or discoid. Co- 
rolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4. Fruit 4-sided, crowned by the 
limb of the calyx, girt by the involucel.— FV. Cap. iii. p. 41. 
Biennials. Leaves toothed or pinnatifid, rarely entire. Heads of flowers 
globose ; pale imbricated, outer ones sterile. Corolla white creamy or 
lilac.—5 Cape species, dispersed. 
2. SCABIOSA, Linn. 
Involucre of many leaves, nearly 2-seriate. Receptacle 
with paleew. Involucels usually cylindrical, with 8 pit-like 
depressions, ending in a bell-shaped or rotate, scarious limb. 
Calyx-limb tapering into a neck above the ovary, and ending 
in 5 bristles. Corolla 4-5-cleft. Stamens 4.—#l. Cap. iu. 
p. 43. 
Perennials or undershrubs, with variably cut leaves. Flower-heads flat- 
topped, often radiate.—3 Cape species, of which 2 are endemic, dispersed. 
Orpver LXX. COMPOSITAE. 
Flowers arranged in heads (capitula) on a general recep- 
tacle, surrounded by an involucre of several, separate or co- 
hering, dry and membranous or green and leaf-like scales or 
leaflets (bracts). Heads many-flowered few-flowered or 1- 
flowered, separate or crowded in glomerules. Flowers sessile 
