LXX. COMPOSIT®. _ 159 
on a flat or convex receptacle. Calyx-tube adnate; limb (called 
pappus) very much varied, either obsolete, annular, or coroni- 
form, toothed, scaly, bristle-shaped or feathery, usually en- 
larging as the ovary swells, and more or less persistent. 
Corolla epigynous, tubular, with valvate «stivation, either re- 
gular and 4—-5-toothed, or 1-labiate and strap-shaped (ligulate), 
or rarely 2-labiate. Stamens in the tube of the corolla, alter- 
nate with its lobes; anthers usually united by their edges into 
a tube surrounding the style. Ovary witha single erect ovule ; 
style filiform, 2- fid in the fertile flowers, mostly simple in the 
abortive. Fruit a small dry nut or achene, usually crowned 
with the pappus. Seed without albumen. —A vast and greatly 
diversified Order, corresponding to the class Syngenesia in the 
Linnean system. 
TABLE OF THE TRIBES. 
* Disk-flowers tubular, regular, 5-toothed. 
Tribe 1. VERNONIACE®. Style-branches long, much exserted, filiform, 
equally hispid or bristly on the outer surface-—Heads always discoid. 
Leaves alternate. (Gen. 1-6.) 
Tribe 2. Euparoriacem. Style-branches long, much exserted, obtuse or 
thickened at the point, minutely granulated on the outer surface.— Heads 
always discoid. Leaves opposite or alternate. (Gen. 7-10.) 
Tribe 8. ASTEROIDE®. Style-branches linear or lance-linear, flattish or 
flattened upwards, mostly acute, mimutely and equally downy on the outer 
surface.—Habit various. (Gen. 11-38.) 
Tribe 4. SENECIONIDE®. Style-branches linear, flattish, truncate, bristly 
at the apex only or tipped with a short, bristly cone. Habit various. (Gen. 
39-124. 
Tribes. CynarEx. Style suddenly thickened below the apex, and often 
hispid at the point of thickening ; its branches convex, partially cohering or 
separate, minutely downy on the outer surface.—Habit various. (Gen. 125- 
146. 
: ** Flowers all strap-shaped and bisexual. 
Tribe 6. CrcHoRACE®. Style-branches long, filiform, equally pubescent 
on the outer surface.—Juice milky, very bitter. (Gen. 147-154.) 
TABLE OF THE GENERA. 
TRIBE 1. VERNONIACES. (Gen. 1-6.) 
Heads several-flowered ; involucre of many imbri- 
cating scales. 
Pappus none, or a small, fleshy ring. 
All the flowers perfect, bisexual, with bell- 
shaped corollas. . . 1. ETHUrta. 
Central-flowers male, funnel- -shaped ; snanginal 
female, filiform, in many rows . 2. LiroGyNnr. 
Pappus of many bristles, in 2 or more rows. 
Involucre scales and leaves spinous-pointed . 3. HopLopHyLiuM. 
Tnvolucre scales not spinous-pointed 4, VERNONIA. 
Pappus of 7-9 spreading, flat, white scales 5. PLATYCARPHA. 
Heads 1-flowered, ioakiuiies jnvolucre of 2 op- 
posite scales slink As Sie iaat t-te e4liaiak Dan COR MERA Me 
