166 LXX. COMPOSITA. 
Involucral scales separate, often brac- 
teolatews |.) i . 117. SENECIO. 
Involucral scales romeo nh brie: 
teolate, valvate . . . . . « .. 18. ¢Hourvors: 
Disk-flowers sterile. 
Pappus of very slender, nodulose, ca- 
ducous, jointed bristles . . . 119. RucKERIA. 
Pappus of straight, rigid, persistent 
bristles. . . 115. OrHonNa. 
Pappus of few br sates, I-ceninte (sometimes 
0 in disk-flowers). 
Disk-flowers fertile. 
Pappus in disk-flowers of several, in 
a ray of few bristles. . . 109. MresoGRAMMA. 
Pappus of 4—5 curved, barbed bristles 108. OL1@oTHRIX. 
Disk-flowers sterile, without pappus. . 116. GymMNopiscus. 
Subtribe 6. CatenptLtEm. Leaves rarely opposite. Heads radiate, 
heteromoncecious, the ray-flowers fertile, the disk-flowers thale, with abor- 
tive simple styles ; or rarely (in Dimorphotheca) some or all of the disk- 
flowers fertile. Anthers acute or cuspidate at base, or very minutely tailed. 
Pappus 0. (Gen. 120-124.) 
Achenes quite beakless. 
Involucre 1-seriate. 
Marginal achenes 3-cornered, either smooth, 
tubercled, or sharply toothed on the angles 120. DIMORPHOTHECA. 
Marginal achenes covered with thorny points 124. XENISMIA.° 
Involucre in 2-3 rows. Mar roinal achenes nut- 
like, thick-shelled, smooth or wrinkled, 3-cor- 
nered or 3- -winged . oe « « sl. 6 123. OSTECSPERMEME 
Achenes produced into a beak. 
Achenes broadly 3-winged  . ss « LOT Denenrceion 
Achenes 3-cornered, wingless or nearly so . . 122. OLIGOCARPUS. 
TRIBE 5. CYNARE®M. (Gen. 125-146.) 
Subtribe 1. ARctoTIpDE®. Heads commonly radiate, rarely homoga- 
mous and discoid; rays female or neuter, ligulate. Anthers minutely 
tailed. Achenes beakless, turbinate, with a terminal flattened disk, often 
villous. Pappus 0, or of broad or narrow, membranous scales, or (in He- 
terolepis) of barbed bristles. (Gen. 125-140.) 
1. ArctotEm. Involucral scales unarmed, se- 
parate, the outer herbaceous, inner mem- 
brane-edged, obtuse. Heads radiate. 
Rays female, producing achenes. 
Achenes with 2 collateral cavities at back. 
Pappus of 8 or more membranous 
scales. . 125. ARororis. 
Pappus 0, or of 4-5 minute squamules 126. VENIDIUM. 
Achenes solid (no dorsal cavities). 
Pappus of several very delicate, narrow 
scales. 
Filaments of stamens scabrous . . 127. HAPLocARPHA. 
Filaments of stamens smooth . . 128. Lanprra. 
