LXX. COMPOSITE. 201 
123. OSTEOSPERMUM, Linn. 
Heads many-flowered, radiate ; rays ligulate, female ; disk- 
flowers tubular, 5-toothed, male, with abortive ovary and 
style. Involucre in few rows, the scales free. Receptacle 
nude, rarely setigerous. Achenes of ray drupaceous or nut- 
like, thick, very hard, glabrous, beakless, without pappus.— 
Fl. Cap. i. p. 433. 
Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely herbaceous. Leaves alternate, very rarely 
opposite, toothed entire or pinnatifid. Heads yellow. Achenes bluntly 
or sharply 3-angled, or 3-winged occasionally.—38 species, dispersed. 
124? XENISMIA, DC. 
“ Heads monecious ; ray-flowers 5-7, female, ligulate ; disk- 
flowers 10-12, tubular, 5-toothed, male. Involucral scales 
oblong, in a single row. Receptacle without pale. Rays 
obtuse, ciliate at base. Anthers.... Style.... Achenes 
of disk 0; of ray thick, glabrous, without pappus, everywhere 
bristling with thick, rigid thorns. Seeds thickish, oblong, ta- 
pering at base.” (DC.)— FI. Cap. ii. p. 446. 
X. acanthosperma, DC., is a many-stemmed annual of the Kaus moun- 
tains (unknown to me). Leaves alternate, oblong-cuneate, toothed at the 
point, tapering at base. Heads small, at the ends of the branches. 
TriBe 5. Cynare®. (Gen. 125-146.) 
Susrrise 1. Arcroripem. (Gen. 125-140.) 
125. ARCTOTIS, Linn. 
Heads radiate ; rays female, ligulate ; disk-flowers 5-toothed, 
bisexual. Involucre bell-shaped, its scales in several rows, 
free, the outer small, herbaceous, inner longer, obtuse, scari- 
ous-membranous. Receptacle honeycombed, fimbrilliferous. 
Filaments smooth. Achenes mostly pubescent, copiously 
silky (in most species) near the base, ovate, dorsally 3-5- 
winged or ridged, the lateral wings or ridges inflexed, either 
entire or toothed, the medial straight, narrower. Pappus in 
2 rows, paleaceous, the scales of the inner row mostly 8, spirally 
twisted before the opening of the flower, sometimes very small. 
—F. Cap. iu. p. 448. 
Stemless or caulescent, unarmed herbs. Leaves alternate, petioled, va- 
riously cut or subentire, often hoary on one or both sides. Heads peduncled, 
solitary.—30 species, dispersed. 
126. VENIDIUM, Less. 
Characters of Arctotis, except: Achenes mostly glabrous, 
without any basal tuft of silky hairs. Pappus 0, or of 4 very 
minute unilateral scales—/. Cap. i. p. 458. 
