204 DTXX. COMPOSITE. 
Herbaceous, unarmed, perennial or rarely annual plants, stemless or caules- 
cent. Leaves either crowded at the crown of the root or scattered along the 
stem, variable in shape on the same plant, very rarely glabrous, commonly 
white-tomentose beneath. Peduncle nude, 1-headed. Heads often of large 
size, very showy ; the rays rarely white, usually yellow or orange, often dark 
brown at base or eye-spotted, reflecting peacock colours ; disk-flowers dark. 
—24 species, dispersed. 
135. CULLUMIA, R. Br. 
Heads radiate; ray-flowers ligulate, neuter; disk-flowers 
5-toothed, bisexual. Involucral scales multiseriate, concrete 
at base, the outer pectinate-spinous, similar to the leaves, 
inner entire or fimbriate, pungent. Receptacle very deeply 
pitted, the walls of the pits raised, enclosing the achenes ; 
apices setigerous. Achenes angular, glabrous, without pappus. 
—Fl. Cap. ii. p. 480. 
Small shrubs or undershrubs. Branches leafy to the summit; leaves alter- 
nate, margined with slender, spinous cilia; heads terminal, sessile ; flowers 
yellow.—14: species, dispersed. 
136. HIRPICIUM, Cass. 
Heads radiate; rays neuter; disk-flowers 5-toothed, bi- 
sexual. Involucral seales conerete at base, multiseriate. 
Receptacle shortly honeycombed. Filaments smooth. Achenes 
wingless, covered with long, soft hairs. Pappus 1-seriate, 
coroniform, splitting into bristles.—F7. Cap. i. p. 485. 
Much-branched dwarf-shrubs. Leaves sessile, linear, with revolute mar- 
gins, white beneath. Heads terminal, solitary.—2 species, both Western 
and North-Western. 
137. STEPHANOCOMA, Less. 
Character as in Stoba@a, except: Pappus-scales 1-seriate, 
very short, at first concrete into a crenate, cup-like crown, 
afterwards partially separating.—F7. Cap. i. p. 485. 
S. carduoides, Less., is a thistle-like herb, with many long, deeply pinna- 
tifid or pinnate-parted, spinous-toothed, green, undulate radical leaves, and 
decurrent stem leaves, shorter but similar. Heads discoid, subcorymbose 
or panicled. Bristles of the receptacle very long and rigid.—Kastern 
districts. 
138. STOBGA, Thunb. 
Heads either discoid, all the flowers tubular and bisexual, or 
radiate, the rays neuter. Involucral scales in many rows, 
concrete at base, pungent-spinous. Receptacle honeycombed, 
the cells deep, nearly enclosing the achenes, cleft at the apex 
into bristle-shaped fimbrils. Stamens smooth. Achenes tur- 
binate, furrowed, glabrous downy or villous. Pappus-scales in 
1-2 rows, equal, or the alternate narrower, oval or oblong, 
