CXLII. GRAMINER. 429 
Subtribe 4. Cutor1pEm. Spikelets rarely 1-, generally several-flowered, 
sessile, or in Leptochloa very shortly pedicellate, on the under side of a 
flattened, unjointed rachis. One or two of the lowest flowers occasionally 
abortive or imperfect. Lowest glume very persistent, generally strongly 
keeled and 1-nerved. Awn of flowering glume, if present, not twisted. 
Ovary never hairy at top. Seed free or enclosed in a loose pericarp. 
Subtribe 5. Avenacem. Spikelets 2- or many-flowered, pedicellate, their 
rachis generally slender, 1 or 2 lowest flowers occasionally male or neuter. 
Axis always prolonged into an imperfect or rudimentary glume. Lowest 
glume membranous, often equalling or exceeding the flowering glumes. 
Flowering glume rarely blunt, generally awned on the back or between the 
teeth, with a mostly twisted or bent awn. Ovary occasionally hairy at top, 
either free or adnate to the palea. 
Subtribe 6. Fustucacem. Spikelets rarely 2-, generally many-flowered, 
pedicellate or very rarely almost sessile, axis always? prolonged into an 
imperfect glume which is generally rudimentary or bristle-like. Flowering 
glume, (in Pappophorwm multifid,) often entire and blunt, sometimes awned, 
but the awn is never twisted and, except perhaps in Bromus, is always ter- 
minal. Empty glumes generally as thin or thinner than flowering glumes, 
the lowest occasionally absent. Fruit free or adnate to the palea. Styles 
always 2, except perhaps in Ceratochloa. Scales 2.—(In Ehrharta the 
2 lowest florets, and in Phragmites the lowest are sterile.) 
Subtribe 7. Bampusem. Spikelets (in Cape genera) many-flowered with 
the axis prolonged into an imperfect glume. Scales 3. Stamens 3 or 
6. Styles 2 or 3.—Arboreous or shrubby grasses. Leaves articulated at 
base. 
Subtribe 8. Honpracrm. Spikelets 1- or many-flowered, sessile or very 
shortly pedicellate on opposite sides of a zigzag, jointed rachis, either soli- 
tary or 2-3 together. Empty glumes not keeled, unequally nerved, stand- 
ing at right angles to the axis of the spike, upper one sometimes deficient. 
Otherwise as in Festucacee. 
Analysis of Genera. 
TRIBE 1. Paniceze. 
Subtribe 1. EUPANICER. 
(a) Spikelets apparently 1-flowered, generally al- 
most sessile and on one side of a flattened 
rachis. Lowest glume always obsolete; 
lowest flower always neuter. Flowering 
glume and palea hardening in fruit.— 
Glumes nearly alwaysthick . . . . 1, PaspaLuM. 
Spikelets arranged in a compact, spike- -like 
panicle. Flowering glume and palea not 
hardening conspicuously in fruit. Flower- 
ing glume of lowest spikelets with several 
rows of hooked bristles. . . . 2. TRaAGuUs. 
(2) Spikelets evidently 2-flowered. —(In Bluffia 
incompletely 3-lowered. In some species 
of Panicum the lowest glume is extremely 
small and almost obsolete.) 
+ Spikelets naked (not surrounded by an invo- 
lucre), never more than 2 together on the 
same pedicel. 
