436 CXLII. GRAMINER. 
nor callous at base. Outer glumes 2, both empty. Flowering 
glume concave, of a firmer texture. Palea like the flowering 
glume, but smaller and 2-nerved. Grain enclosed in the 
hardened palea and flowering glume.— ees, l. c. p. 15; Benth. 
Fl. Hongk. p. 408. 
Grasses of variable habits.—1 Cape species. 
2. TRAGUS, Hall. 
Spikelets racemose, 2-5 on common short pedicels, 1- 
flowered. Outer glumes 2; the lower minute, flat, thinly 
membranous ; the upper (a barren flower, jide Nees) concave, 
cartilaginous, in the lowest spikelets covered with hard, rough 
points. Flowering glume and palea oblong, acute, papery- 
membranous, concave, the flowering glume embracing the 
shorter, 2-nerved palea. Grain oblong, glabrous, enclosed in 
the flowering glume and palea—Lappago, Schreb.; Kunth, 
Enun. i. p. 169; Nees, 1. c. p. 72. 
Small, rigid grasses, with annual roots.—1 or 2 species. 
3. PANICUM, Linn. 
Spikelets either in slender unilateral spikes or in close- 
cylindrical or diffusely-branched panicles, 1-2-flowered ; the 
lower flowers, when present, male. Glumes always 4, the 
lowest small or very small, empty ; the next larger and empty ; 
the third empty or with an imperfect or male flower; the 
innermost or flowering glume of a firmer texture, more faintly 
nerved. Palea like the flowering glume, but smaller and 2- 
nerved. Grain enclosed in the hardened flowering glume and 
palea.—WVees, l. c. p. 20; also Oplismenus, J. ¢. p. 60; Benth. 
£1. Hongk. p. 409. 
A vast genus, chiefly tropical; several yield food for man.—40 or 42 Cape 
species, chiefly on or beyond the Eastern frontier. 
4. STENOTAPHRUM, Trin. 
Spikelets in spikes, 2 or more inserted in alternate hollows 
along a broad, flattened, unjointed rachis, 2-flowered. Outer 
glumes 2, the lower smaller. Lower flower male ; upper her- 
maphrodite or female. Flowering glume and palea coriaceous, 
the former concave, enclosing and clasping the latter. Grain 
free, glabrous.—Vees, 1. c. p. 62. 
1 Cape species. 
5. BLUFFIA, Nees. 
Spikelets in digitate racemes, 2-flowered, with a rudimentary 
third flower. Outer glumes 2, membranous-herbaceous, su- 
