452 CXLII, GRAMINES. 
Glumes 2, equal, subopposite, tapering off to a setaceous. 
point, keeled, 1l-nerved, submembranous. Lower flowering 
glume (or 2 lower) fertile, rigid, the glume longer, keeled, 
shortly setigerous or mucronate, 5-7-nerved; palea rigid, 
boat-shaped, bluntly 2-toothed, 2-nerved. Ovary stipitate.— 
Nees, l.c. p. 135. 
Tufted grasses of dry ground, with rigid, involute leaves, the simple 
culm bearing an oblong, brush-like or foxtail-like spike, bristling with the 
hard, slender points of the glumes.—2 species, of which F. ciliata is the 
commonest. 
64. ARUNDO. 
Spikelets in a very large effuse panicle, 2-5-flowered, all 
the flowering glumes except the terminal one hermaphrodite ; 
rachis of the spikelet silkily hairy. Outer glumes acute, 
nearly equal, very long, in the Cape species as long as the 
flowering. Flowering glume membranous, 2-fid at the top, 
and bearing a short awn between the awl-shaped lobes, hairy 
with silky hairs, especially below; palea shorter than the 
flowering glume, 2-keeled. Grain free.—WNees, 1. c. p. 347. 
1 Cape species. A fine, handsome grass, found in many parts of the 
world.— Donax arundinaceus, De Beauv. 
65. PHRAGMITES, Trin. 
Spikelets in a much-branched panicle, 3-6-flowered, the 
flowering glumes distichous, distant, awnless, the lowest male, 
the rest fertile. Rachis of the spikelet clothed with long, silky 
hairs. Outer glumes acute, keeled, shorter than the flowering, 
membranous, unequal, the upper larger. Flowering glume 
membranous very long, subulate, often bristle-tipped; palea 
2-keeled. Grain free.—Wees, l. c. p. 356. 
Large grasses of wet places (reeds).—3 Cape species, of which P. com- 
munis is common to Europe, N. Asia, America, and New Holland. 
66. PAPPOPHORUM, Schreb. 
Spikelets in close, spike-like panicles, with 1 fertile flower- 
ing glume at base, and 1-3 upper sterile ones. Outer glumes 
2, membranous, pointless, longer than the flowering. Flower- 
ing glume membranous, broad, concave, its apex cut into 9-13 
subulate bristles; palea longer, membranous, 2-keeled.— Kunth, 
lc. p. 254. Enneapogon, Nees, 1. c. p. 233. 
2Ca pe species, belonging to the section with 9 bristles, both Eastern. 
67. SCHISMUS, Beauv. 
Spikelets 5-7-flowered, in close panicles; glumes distichous, 
