Sigesbeckia.'] ConipOSltcE. 3 c 



Very variable in shape of the leaves, but the larger-flowered C. 

 Arnottianiim Wight, (Ic. t. 1105) of the Nilgiris has not occurred in 

 Ceylon. 



20. XANTKZUI»X, L. 



Annual, 1. alt. ; heads of 2 sorts, rather small, axillary, 

 upper ones globose, with numerous bisexual (but sterile) 

 tubular fl. each enclosed by a bracteole, on an ovoid receptacle 

 and with a few small hairy inv.-bracts, lower ones broadly 

 ovoid, with only 2 female (fertile) apetaloiis fl. in an involucre 

 of fused bracts forming an ovoid, closed, spiny, 2-horned, 

 2-celled utricle (with one fl. in each cell), enlarging with fruit; 

 anth. distinct, fil. monadelphous ; style of bisexual fl. not 

 divided, of fem. fl. deeply divided, long, exserted from horns 

 of involucre ; achenes completely enclosed in cells of enlarged 

 involucre (like seeds in a capsule), much compressed, pappus 

 o. — Sp. 4 ; I in Fl. B. Ind. 



Very unlike all the other genera in arrangement of flowers. 



X. Strumarium, L. Sp. PL 987 (1753). 



Herm. Mus. 59. Burm. Thes. 233. Fl. Zeyl. n. 564. X. orientate, 

 L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1400. Moon Cat. 63. Thw. Enum. 164. C. P. 1771. 

 Fl. B. Ind. iii. 303. Wight, Ic. t. 1104. 



Annual, stem short, stout, slightly branched, flexuose, 

 harsh with bristly hairs ; 1, numerous, 2-3 in. long and almost as 

 broad, on petioles about as long or longer, broadly triangular- 

 ovate, often 3-lobed, somewhat cordate at base, acute, irregu- 

 larly incised-serrate, harsh with short adpressed hair on both 

 sides; barren heads rather numerous, crowded at top of stem, 

 fertile ones fewer, axillary, involucre of fertile heads in fruit 

 about f in., ovoid, capped with 2 erect mucronate beaks, 

 pubescent, thickly set with sharp rather long prickles usually 

 hooked at the ends, hard and tough, 2-celled, achene rather 

 large, \ in., oblong-ovoid, compressed, glabrous. 



Waste ground, margins of tanks, &c., especially in the dry region ; 

 rather rare. Kandy (Moon); Passara, Uva; Kantalai; Mihintale ; 

 Batticaloa. Probably introduced from India. 



Throughout Tropical and warm temperate regions. 



Herm. gives the S. name ' Urukossa' for this. 



21. SIGESBECKIA, Z.« 



Annual, 1. opp., heads small, terminal, inv.-bracts few 



* Commemorates J. G. Siegesbeck, Prof, of Botany at St Petersburg 

 in 1737. 



