Lactuca.} Composites. 5 1 



1. C. japonica, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 194 (1861). 



Yotoigia lyj'aia, Cass., Thw. Enum. 168. C. P. 1747. 



FI. B. Ind. iii. 395. Wight, Ic. t. 1147 {Youngia napifolia). 



Annual, stem 8-18 in., erect, simple, glabrous or slightly 

 hairy, slender; 1. nearly all radical, 3-6 in., on longish petioles, 

 oblong-lanceolate, tapering at base, very obtuse or rounded 

 at apex, lower part more or less deeply cut or pinnatifid, 

 margin denticulate, glabrous on both sides, membranous ; 

 heads very small, barely \ in. wide, numerous, stalked, forming 

 large, lax, divaricate, terminal infl., inv.-bracts few, \ in., erect, 

 acute, glabrous, fl. spreading; achene compressed, many-ribbed, 

 glabrous, dark brown, pappus white. 



A weed in damp shady places ; very common up to 6000 ft. FI. all 

 Ihe year ; yellow. 



Throughout India, Malay Peninsula, China, Japan, and Mauritius. 



2. C. fuscipappa, Clarke^ Comp. Ind. 254 (1876). 

 Youngia fitscipappa, Thw. Enum. 168. C. P. 1748. 

 Fl. B. Ind. iii. 395. 



Perennial herb, 9-18 in. high, with a small rootstock, stems 

 several, erect, slender, glabrous, often flexuose below ; 1. mostly 

 radical on lower part of stems, i|-6 in., much tapering at base 

 into very long petiole, oblong-linear, attenuate at both ends, 

 irregularly and deeply laciniate or sinuate, upper ones narrowly 

 linear, entire, all glabrous ; heads solitary, on long, slender, 

 erect peduncles, forming a very lax infl., involucre oblong- 

 cylindrical, bracts \ in., erect, obtuse, quite glabrou.s, 3-veined, 

 bluish-green, with narrow membranous margins, outer ones 

 very short, adpressed, rotundate ; achene much narrowed at 

 top but scarcely beaked, finely ribbed, glabrous, brown, pappus 

 smoky-grey. 



In wet grassy places, montane zone ; rather rare. Maturata ; Hapu- 

 tale; Horton Plains, abundant. Fl. May, Aug., November; yellow. 

 Also in the Himalaya. 



Taraxacum officmale, Wigg., the Dandelion, introduced at Hakgala 

 Garden in 1882, has already established itself on the damp sides of the 

 Badulla Road below the Garden, and is likely to spread in the hill-country. 



35. I.ACTUCA, Z. 



Biennial herb, 1. alt; heads rather small, in little clusters 

 on sides of long branches, involucre very narrow, bracts few, 

 the outer very short, the inner long, narrow, receptacle small, 

 flat, fl. few, all ligulate, bisexual ; anth.-bases sagittate, style- 

 arms slender; achene narrow, compressed, tapering into short 



