i6 SUMMARY. [chap, i 



axis. Upon the ascending axis all the leaves, both foliage 

 and flower-leaves, are arranged. The plant thus consists of 

 axis and appeiidagcs. 



Leaves. — These, we liave found, are of five different 

 kinds. First are the radical and cauline 



(i) Foliage-leaves, called simply leaves.^ 



Then come the Flowers, terminating the stem or its 

 branches, consisting of — 



(2) Calyx-leaves, called sepals. 



(3) Corolla- leaves, called petals. 



(4) Staminal leaves^ called stamens. 



(5) Carpellary leaves, called carpels. 



^ In many plants we may distmguish two modifications of the leaf 

 below the flower-leaves, besides the green foliage-leaves, but it is not 

 Important to distinguibh these at present. 



