CHAP. IV. J MODIFYING CONDITIONS. 29 



Opium Poppy ; Indian Mustard or Rape ; any Rose with 

 single flowers ; Melastoma Malabathricum ; Garden Zinnia ; 

 Rose Periwinkle {Vinca rosea)) Basil {Ocynmm JBasilicum 

 or O. Sanctum, known as Tulsee) ; Grass-cloth Nettle 

 {Bxhmeria ?iwea) ; Willow ; Colocasia Antiquorum, known 

 as Kuchoo, Kachalu, Ghwian, or Kandalla ; Garden Den- 

 drobe {Dendrobium nobile)\ any Dracaena; Crinum asiaticum, 

 known as Buro-kanoor, Sukh-dursan, or Tolabo ; Wheat. 



There are three conditions which play a most important 

 part in modifying the structure of flowers, to which we must 

 direct attention before proceeding. These are cohesion., ad- 

 hesion., and suppression. The first two terms are used by 

 botanists to denote the union of like (cohesion) or of unlike 

 (adhesion) parts of the flower. Thus union of sepals with 

 sepals, of petals with petals, of stamen with stamen, of carpel 

 with carpel, is said to be due to cohesion., parts of the same 

 whorl or series being concerned. Union of corolla to 

 stamens, or of ovary to calyx, or of stamens to calyx or 

 corolla or to the pistil, is due to adhesion, parts of different 

 whorls or series being concerned. 



The term suppression is used to denote the absence of 

 parts in a flower which, from analogy, we might expect to 

 find. Extended observation shows that the number of 

 sepals, of petals, and of stamens, is, in a large proportion of 

 flowers, the same ; or the stamens may be a multiple — 

 twice or three times as numerous, for example, as the petals 

 or sepals. Thus, when we find that in some flowers the 

 corolla is absent, in others the corolla and stamens, or the 

 corolla and pistil, we speak of such parts of the flower as 

 being suppressed. That this is generally a correct view to 

 take with respect to the absence of organs we find con- 

 firmatory evidence in the frequent imperfect or partial 

 development of such organs in plants allied in other points 



