PART I. 



THE ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL AND 

 PHYSIOLOGICAL BOTANY. 



CHAPTER I. 



OF THE ROOT, STEM, AND LEAVES. 



1. The Root. — Its form and general structure : it penetrates the soil; 



is colourless; irregularly branched; destitute of leaves; and its 

 extremities are sheathed. 



2. The Stem. — It ascends ; is coloured ; bears leaves and branches at 



definite points ; the extremities are not sheathed, but give off, 

 successively, rudiments of leaves. 



3. Foliage-leaves. — They are borne by the stem only. "Radical" 



and * ' cauline " leaves : thin, coloured green, consisting of a 

 horizontally expanded blade with, or without, a petiole. 



4. Flowers consist of leaves. The peduncle. Suppression of inter- 



nodes in flowers. The receptacle of the flower. 



5. The Sepals ; forming the calyx. 



6. The Petals ; forming the corolla. 



7. The Stamens ; bearing anthers which contain pollen-grains. 



8. The Carpels. Ovary and ovules ; style ; stigma. 



9. The ovaiy persists after the other parts of the flower fall away. 



The Fruit ; seed ; embryo and its parts. 

 ID. A summary of the parts examined. 



Gather, first of all, a specimen of any common annual 

 weed. It does not signify for our present purpose which 

 you gather, provided it have a branching root, a distinct 

 stem, and stalked leaves. Never mind the flower just at 



B 



