CHAPTER VII, 



THE VARIOUS ORGANS AND THEIR MODIFICATIONS. 



1. Further examination of Plant-structure. The importance of fre- 



quent practice in order to acquire facility in the use of terms. 



2. (Organs of Nutrition.) The Root originates from? Tap-root; 



fibrous root. Adventitious roots. Roots sometimes become 

 thickened and tuberous. 



3. The Stem originates from? Axillary and terminal buds. Direc- 



tion assumed by stems. Rhizome; tubers; bulbs. The Stock. 

 Remarkable modifications of stem-structures. 



4. Leaves always lateral organs. Their arrangement upon the stem. 



Nodes and Internodes. 



5. Cotyledonary leaves are temporary. Scale-leaves. Duration of 



leaves. 



6. Petiole and Blade. Vernation. Venation. 



7. Outline of leaves. Simple and compound leaves. 



8. Simpjle undivided leaves. 



9. Simple divided leaves. 



10. Compound leaves. 



11. Apex and base. Mode of attachment to the stem. Margin. 



Surface. 



12. Stipules. Stipulate and ex-stipulate. 



13. P.emarkable modifications of leaves. Phyllodes. 



14. (Organs of Reproduction.) Arrangement of flowers upon the stem. 



The principal kinds of inflorescence. 



15. The Bracts; bracteate, ebracteate. Involucre. 



16. ^Estivation of the calyx and corolla. 



17. Parts of a petal. Of a gamopetalous corolla, and of a ganio- 



sepalous calyx. 



