CHAPTER VIII. 



THE MINUTE STRUCTURE AND VITAL PROCESSES OF 

 PLANTS. 



1. The minute parts of which plants are coirposed. 



2. The cells. 



3. The vessels ; their modifications ; they originate Irom cells. 



4. A few tissues suggested for comparison. 



5. Active cells contain fluid contents. 



6. Cell-wall and cell-contents. 



7. The former ternary, the latter quaternary. 



8. Division and growth of cells. 



9. Temporary reserves. Starch-granules. Oil. Sugar. 



10. Colouring matter of leaves. 



11. Crystals in cells. 



12. Long and short cells. Fibro-vascular system of plants. 



13. Comparison of the arrangement and mode of increase of fibro- 



vascular bundles in Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons. The 

 cambium cells. Exogenous and endogenous stems. 



14. Woody Dicotyledons further examined. Pith ; wood ; medul- 



lary rays ; bark. 



15. Circulation of fluids through the cells. Diffusion. 



16. The epidermis and its structure. Stomates. Intercellular spaces. 



I. In our second chapter we inquired very briefly into 

 the functions of the nutritive organs. Now that we have 

 had the opportunity of comparing the corresponding organs 

 of many plants, and of forming some tolerable idea of the 

 extent to which the same organ may vary in external 



