428 Lxvii. UMBELLIFER^. [Peucedanum 



p. 328 (1847), non Steganotcenia araliacea Hoclist. Alvardia 

 arhwea Fenzl in Flora 1844, p. 312, n. 494 ; Welw. Synopse Explic. 

 p. 10, n. 19. P. araliaceum Vatke in Linniea xl. p. 188 (April 

 1876); Engl., I.e., p. 321 partly (1892); vnr. fraxinifoUum Engl. 

 Pflanzenw. Ost Afrik., C, p. 300 (1895) ; non Hiern in Oliv., I.e., 

 iii. p. 21. 



Sierra Leone. — A shrub, as tall as a man ; leaves clustered near 

 the top of the branches. In wooded places between Freetown and the 

 Sugar-loaf mountains ; without either fl. or fr. middle of Sept. 1853. 

 No. 2516. 



GoLUNGO Alto. — A tree, 25 to 30 ft. high or sometimes even 

 higher ; trunk 1 to 1^ ft. in diameter at its base, with few or no 

 branches in the lower part, with strict branches and curved-spreading 

 branchlets in the upper part, both glaucous, the latter flowering ; 

 wood white, rather soft, aromatic ; leaves dull-green ; general invo- 

 lucre of the umbels many-leaved ; partial involucres deeply 5-cleft, 

 with the segments a little unequal, lanceolate-acuminate ; calyx-teeth 

 5, ovate-triangular, acuminate ; petals yellow, ovate-elliptical, not 

 clawed, concave, terminating in a spathulate involute lobe as long 

 as the rest of the petal ; anthers yellow, the cells rather distant. In 

 primitive forests throughout the district, mostly sporadic, either a 

 shrub or a tree ; in Sobato de Bango at Bumba ; fi. June and July 

 1855 ; at Bango Aquitamba, fr. Feb. 1856 ; Serra de Alto Queta, Aug. 

 1855. Native name " Calusange." No. 2517- A stout tree ; trunk 

 2 to 2J ft. in diameter at the base ; bark transversely corky-rugose ; 

 wood white, resinous. Mata de Quisuculo ; fr. Sept. 1855. A medici- 

 nal plant. Coll. Carp. 631. 



Zenza do Golungo. — A shrub, H to 3 ft. high ; stem simple ; 

 leaflets deeply toothed. On slopes with scattered shrubs on the way 

 between Tanderachique and Tandambunde, sporadic and very scarce ; 

 ripe fr. Sept. 1857. No. 2518. An arborescent shrub, with deciduous 

 leaves. At Tanderaxique ; fr. Sept. 1854. Coll. Carp. 628. 



The true Calusange, from 15 to 30 ft, high or moi-e, with a 

 trunk 6 to 16 in. in diameter, occurs in all the primitive forests 

 in the interior ; the leaves have a sweet and pleasant aroma, 

 lasting a long time even in the di'ied leaves (see Welw. Synopse 

 Explic. p. 10, n. 19, and Apont. p. 552 under n. 109). Welwitsch 

 describes P. fraxinifolium as the queen of the Umbellifei'se in 

 Angola, and indeed in tropical Africa, if not even in the whole 

 world ; it was becoming gradually scarce because the negroes 

 used it everywhere as the most important remedy against chest 

 complaints, asthma, etc., and it often occurred in a mutilated 

 condition, as the negroes continually cut oif the leaves and flowering 

 umbels at the extremities of the branches to make plasters and 

 concoctions ; the wood is white with rather a jfine grain, but soft 

 and very readily attacked by species of Bostrichus and other 

 beetles ; the tree produces between the wood and bark a layer of 

 very aromatic resin, nearly | or i in. thick, not unlike gum 

 galbanum. The majority of the specimens about Bango Aqui- 

 tamba and Trombeta were from 12 to 15 ft., a few about 20 ft. 

 high, wdth the trunk, a foot above the ground, of 6 to 9 in. in 

 diameter ; but, in the stony primaeval forest extending almost 



