8 



banaba," etc. Frequently coml)inations of native and Spanish 

 words are used to designate certain species, such as "matang dia- 

 blo' ' ( Evodln) , ' 'the devil' s eye' ' ; ' 'malacafe' ' ( Glochidion , Randia), 

 "false coffee." Sometimes some of the words introduced by the 

 Spaniards have persisted without change, such as tabaco, maiz, ca- 

 cao, pina, and others, while on the other hand some have become 

 greatly corrupted — for example, see the word "camanchiles" un- 

 der Pithccolohium didce (p. 176), or "achiiete/' under Bixa orellana 

 (p. 129). 



Some of the introduced species are known only l)y their Spanish 

 names, Avhile for other species native names liave lieen adapted. 

 Of the names of Spanish origin we find two classes — those of pure 

 Spanish origin and those of American origin adopted by the Span- 

 iards and transmitted by them with the plants to the Philip- 

 pines. Of the former we have such names as coronitas (Lantana 

 caviara); manzanitas (Zizyphm jujuba); madre cacao {Gliricidia 

 m^iculata) ] dama de noche (Oestrum nocturnwn); hoya cruz (^Cres- 

 centia alata); caballero, or rosas de cahsdlero {Gnesalpinia pidcher- 

 7-ima). Of the second class we have such names as chicos (Achras 

 sapota); mamey or chico mamey {Lucunia mamrnosa); tabaco 

 (Nicotiana tabaco ) ; achenie {Bixa orellana) ] maiz (Zea mays); ca- 

 cuate (Arachis hypogaea) ; maguey {Agave americana) ; casuy (Ana- 

 cacdium occidentale) ; guayabas (Psidium giuvyaha). Among the 

 species that have been introduced into the Archipelago since the 

 Spanish occupation and to which the natives have adapted names 

 may be mentioned durang parang {Dalea nigra); macahiya, or 

 damohia, literally, "ashamed," suggested no doubt by the sensi- 

 tive leaves of the plant {Mimosa pudica); diluario {Argemone 

 mexicana), etc. 



.Many of the native plant names are also the names of towns 

 such as Iba {Phyllanthus distichus), Quiapo {Pistia stratiotes) , Paco 

 (Asplcnium esculentum)^ Sampaloc or Salomague {Tamarindus in- 

 dica), Calumpit {Terminalia edidis), Iloilo {Aglaia argentea), and 

 others. 



• During the past two hundred years there has been considerable 

 change in many of the native plant names, as is proved by an 

 examination of the earlier publications on Philippine l>otany, 

 such as the works of Cam ell, Mercado, and Delgado. In all these 

 works, but especially in the first, are found a very large number of 

 names which are unknown to us to-day, and many of the ones of 



